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Volume 15
Issue 1
10.3390/plants15010012
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Review

Advances in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Stress Adaptation: Focus on Transcription Factors and Major Stress-Related Genes

by
Guan Liu
1,2,
Yifei Tang
1,
Hanhui Wang
2,
Song Yu
2,
Huan Gao
1,
Yang Wang
1 and
Dongye Zhang
1,*
1
College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2026, 15(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010012
Submission received: 5 November 2025 / Revised: 13 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published: 19 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Crops—2nd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important economic crop widely cultivated across various regions worldwide. Its agricultural significance lies not only in its high sugar yield but also in its positive impact on agro-ecosystems and the economic value of its by-products. However, beet production and quality are adversely affected by multiple abiotic and biotic stresses, including pathogen infection, drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. In recent years, numerous key stress-responsive genes have been identified, including BvPAL, BvPR, and Rz1-4, which mediate responses to biotic stresses, and BvM14-SAMS2, BvINT1;1, BvHMA3, BvCOLD1, and BvALKBH10B, which enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, core transcription factors such as bHLH, HSP, WRKY, and SPL show differential expression under stresses, suggesting that they may regulate stress-related genes and constitute major transcriptional modules enabling beet to withstand adverse conditions. In this study, we summarize the changes in beet under different stress conditions, combining gene information to reveal key regulatory changes in stress responses and how these molecular processes contribute to stress adaptation. This not only provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of beet stress tolerance and yield, but also offers potential directions for future breeding strategies in practical applications.
Keywords: Beet (Beta vulgaris L.); abiotic/biotic stresses; stress tolerance; key genes; regulation Beet (Beta vulgaris L.); abiotic/biotic stresses; stress tolerance; key genes; regulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, G.; Tang, Y.; Wang, H.; Yu, S.; Gao, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, D. Advances in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Stress Adaptation: Focus on Transcription Factors and Major Stress-Related Genes. Plants 2026, 15, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010012

AMA Style

Liu G, Tang Y, Wang H, Yu S, Gao H, Wang Y, Zhang D. Advances in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Stress Adaptation: Focus on Transcription Factors and Major Stress-Related Genes. Plants. 2026; 15(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010012

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Guan, Yifei Tang, Hanhui Wang, Song Yu, Huan Gao, Yang Wang, and Dongye Zhang. 2026. "Advances in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Stress Adaptation: Focus on Transcription Factors and Major Stress-Related Genes" Plants 15, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010012

APA Style

Liu, G., Tang, Y., Wang, H., Yu, S., Gao, H., Wang, Y., & Zhang, D. (2026). Advances in Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Stress Adaptation: Focus on Transcription Factors and Major Stress-Related Genes. Plants, 15(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010012

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