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Volume 14
Issue 23
10.3390/plants14233614
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions

by
Valeriya M. Nagamova
1,
Daria O. Bizyakina
1,
Andrey O. Blinkov
1,*,
Yana V. Minkova
1,
Nataliya Yu. Svistunova
1,
Svetlana Radzeniece
1,
Aleksey S. Yanovsky
2,
Alina A. Kocheshkova
1 and
Mikhail G. Divashuk
1
1
All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
2
P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Centre, Central Estate of KNIISH, 350012 Krasnodar, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2025, 14(23), 3614; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 October 2025 / Revised: 24 November 2025 / Accepted: 24 November 2025 / Published: 26 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Physiology and Metabolism)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Conventional methods for obtaining pure durum wheat lines are time-consuming and low-throughput, making speed breeding (SB) a promising alternative. This study investigated SB optimization using far-red (FR) light. Plants were grown under three red/far-red (R/FR) ratios (6.6, 1.0, 0.4) and on three substrates (peat, soil mixture, mineral wool). Reducing the R/FR ratio significantly accelerated flowering, with the most substantial reduction (R/FR = 0.4) shortening the time to flowering by 4.1–4.2 days. The extent of this acceleration and a concurrent negative impact on spike productivity (vegetative weight of dried spikes, the number of spikelets, and the number of grains per spike) were both dependent on the substrate type. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the duration of the sowing-to-flowering period and spike productivity components (spike length and number of grains per spike). Increasing the proportion of FR light enhanced the 1000-grain weight and did not affect the germination rate or regenerative capacity. Modifying the SB for durum wheat by adding FR light (R/FR = 0.4) is a useful strategy for increasing its efficiency, and the negative impact of FR light can be mitigated by adjusting mineral nutrition.
Keywords: durum wheat; far-red light; photomorphogenesis; red light; speed breeding durum wheat; far-red light; photomorphogenesis; red light; speed breeding

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nagamova, V.M.; Bizyakina, D.O.; Blinkov, A.O.; Minkova, Y.V.; Svistunova, N.Y.; Radzeniece, S.; Yanovsky, A.S.; Kocheshkova, A.A.; Divashuk, M.G. A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions. Plants 2025, 14, 3614. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614

AMA Style

Nagamova VM, Bizyakina DO, Blinkov AO, Minkova YV, Svistunova NY, Radzeniece S, Yanovsky AS, Kocheshkova AA, Divashuk MG. A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions. Plants. 2025; 14(23):3614. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nagamova, Valeriya M., Daria O. Bizyakina, Andrey O. Blinkov, Yana V. Minkova, Nataliya Yu. Svistunova, Svetlana Radzeniece, Aleksey S. Yanovsky, Alina A. Kocheshkova, and Mikhail G. Divashuk. 2025. "A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions" Plants 14, no. 23: 3614. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614

APA Style

Nagamova, V. M., Bizyakina, D. O., Blinkov, A. O., Minkova, Y. V., Svistunova, N. Y., Radzeniece, S., Yanovsky, A. S., Kocheshkova, A. A., & Divashuk, M. G. (2025). A Low Red/Far-Red Light Ratio Promotes a Reduction in Time from Sowing to Flowering in Wheat Under Speed Breeding Conditions. Plants, 14(23), 3614. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14233614

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