Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Materials and Experimental Design
2.2. In Vivo Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Measurements
2.3. Measurement of Growth Inhibition
- X = area or number of fronds;
- Xi = initial value of the respective growth parameter;
- Xf = final value of the respective growth parameter;
- ti = starting day of treatments (i.e., 0);
- tf = final day of treatments (i.e., 3).
2.4. Data Analysis and Statistics
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Growth-Inhibition-Based Endpoints
3.2. Chlorophyll-Fluorescence-Induction-Based Endpoints
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Median Effective Concentration (RGRfrond) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Current Study (L. gibba) | Naumann et al. [47] (L. minor) | W | p | |
EC20 | 2.27 | 0.086 | 2 | 0.023 |
EC50 | 3.21 | 0.683 | 3 | 0.020 |
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Irfan, M.; Mészáros, I.; Szabó, S.; Oláh, V. Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints. Plants 2024, 13, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020215
Irfan M, Mészáros I, Szabó S, Oláh V. Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints. Plants. 2024; 13(2):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020215
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrfan, Muhammad, Ilona Mészáros, Sándor Szabó, and Viktor Oláh. 2024. "Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints" Plants 13, no. 2: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020215