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Volume 12
Issue 8
10.3390/plants12081722
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Review

The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

by
Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
1,2,
George Jîtcă
3,*,
Silvia Imre
4,
Camil Eugen Vari
3,
Bianca Eugenia Ősz
3,
Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
1 and
Amelia Tero-Vescan
2
1
Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
3
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
4
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1722; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081722
Submission received: 18 March 2023 / Revised: 14 April 2023 / Accepted: 18 April 2023 / Published: 20 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant-Based Bioactive Substances Identification, Extraction, and Application)
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Abstract

The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
Keywords: phytosterol; benign prostatic hyperplasia; sitosterol; campesterol; dietary supplement phytosterol; benign prostatic hyperplasia; sitosterol; campesterol; dietary supplement

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MDPI and ACS Style

Buț, M.-G.; Jîtcă, G.; Imre, S.; Vari, C.E.; Ősz, B.E.; Jîtcă, C.-M.; Tero-Vescan, A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Plants 2023, 12, 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081722

AMA Style

Buț M-G, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă C-M, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Plants. 2023; 12(8):1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081722

Chicago/Turabian Style

Buț, Mădălina-Georgiana, George Jîtcă, Silvia Imre, Camil Eugen Vari, Bianca Eugenia Ősz, Carmen-Maria Jîtcă, and Amelia Tero-Vescan. 2023. "The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia" Plants 12, no. 8: 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081722

APA Style

Buț, M.-G., Jîtcă, G., Imre, S., Vari, C. E., Ősz, B. E., Jîtcă, C.-M., & Tero-Vescan, A. (2023). The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Plants, 12(8), 1722. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081722

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