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Article

Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.)

by
Jameel M. Al-Khayri
1,*,
Rana M. Alshegaihi
2,
ELsayed I. Mahgoub
3,
Elsayed Mansour
4,
Osama O. Atallah
5,6,
Muhammad N. Sattar
7,
Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem
8,
Fatima M. Alessa
8,
Mohammed I. Aldaej
1 and
Abdallah A. Hassanin
3,*
1
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
3
Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
4
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
5
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
6
Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
7
Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416
Submission received: 7 March 2023 / Revised: 19 March 2023 / Accepted: 20 March 2023 / Published: 22 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereals: Aspects of Quality, Health, Technology, and Innovation)
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Abstract

The gluten strength and the composition of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMWGSs and LMWGSs) of fifty-one durum wheat genotypes were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation testing and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This study examined the allelic variability and the composition of HMWGSs and LMWGSs in T. durum wheat genotypes. SDS-PAGE was proven to be a successful method for identifying HMWGS and LMWGS alleles and their importance in determining the dough quality. The evaluated durum wheat genotypes with HMWGS alleles 7+8, 7+9, 13+16, and 17+18 were highly correlated with improved dough strength. The genotypes containing the LMW-2 allele displayed stronger gluten than those with the LMW-1 allele. The comparative in silico analysis indicated that Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-B3 possessed a typical primary structure. The study also revealed that the lower content of glutamine, proline, glycine, and tyrosineand the higher content of serine and valine in the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 glutenin subunits, and the higher cysteine residues in Glu-B1 and lower arginine, isoleucine, and leucine in the Glu-B3 glutenin, are associated with the suitability of durum wheat for pasta making and the suitability of bread wheat with good bread-making quality. The phylogeny analysis reported that both Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 had a closer evolutionary relationship in bread and durum wheat, while the Glu-A1 was highly distinct. The results of the current research may help breeders to manage the quality of durum wheat genotypes by exploiting the allelic variation in glutenin. Computational analysis showed the presence of higher proportions of glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine than the other residues in both HMWGSs and LMWGSs. Thus, durum wheat genotype selection according to the presence of a few protein components effectively distinguishes the strongest from the weakest types of gluten.
Keywords: durum wheat; dough strength; glutenin subunits; gluten strength; HMWGS; LMWGS durum wheat; dough strength; glutenin subunits; gluten strength; HMWGS; LMWGS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Khayri, J.M.; Alshegaihi, R.M.; Mahgoub, E.I.; Mansour, E.; Atallah, O.O.; Sattar, M.N.; Al-Mssallem, M.Q.; Alessa, F.M.; Aldaej, M.I.; Hassanin, A.A. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants 2023, 12, 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416

AMA Style

Al-Khayri JM, Alshegaihi RM, Mahgoub EI, Mansour E, Atallah OO, Sattar MN, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Aldaej MI, Hassanin AA. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants. 2023; 12(6):1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Khayri, Jameel M., Rana M. Alshegaihi, ELsayed I. Mahgoub, Elsayed Mansour, Osama O. Atallah, Muhammad N. Sattar, Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem, Fatima M. Alessa, Mohammed I. Aldaej, and Abdallah A. Hassanin. 2023. "Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.)" Plants 12, no. 6: 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416

APA Style

Al-Khayri, J. M., Alshegaihi, R. M., Mahgoub, E. I., Mansour, E., Atallah, O. O., Sattar, M. N., Al-Mssallem, M. Q., Alessa, F. M., Aldaej, M. I., & Hassanin, A. A. (2023). Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants, 12(6), 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061416

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