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Article

Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain

by
Jiayu Hu
1,
Yang Yang
2,
Hongyan Zhang
1,
Yuhao Li
2,
Shuhong Zhang
2,
Xinhua He
3,4,
Yufang Huang
1,
Youliang Ye
1,
Yanan Zhao
1,* and
Jungying Yan
5,*
1
College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2
Innovation Centre for Efficient Use of Nitrogen Fertilizer, Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd., Xinxiang 453700, China
3
Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
4
School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
5
Henan Province Soil and Fertilizer Station, Zhengzhou 450002, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2023, 12(6), 1326; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061326
Submission received: 5 November 2022 / Revised: 7 March 2023 / Accepted: 8 March 2023 / Published: 15 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Fertilizer Use Efficiency–Methods and Strategies for the Future)
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Abstract

It is important to quantify nutrient requirements and optimize fertilization to improve peanut yield and fertilizer use efficiency. In this study, a multi-site field trial was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in the North China Plain to estimate nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) uptake and requirements of peanuts, and to evaluate the effects of fertilization recommendations from the regional mean optimal rate (RMOR) on dry matter, pod yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer use efficiency. Results show that compared with farmer practice fertilization (FP), optimal fertilization (OPT) based on the RMOR increased peanut dry matter by 6.6% and pod yield by 10.9%. The average uptake rates of N, P, and K were 214.3, 23.3, and 78.4 kg/ha, respectively, with 76.0% N harvest index, 59.8% P harvest index, and 41.4% K harvest index. The OPT treatment increased N, P, and K uptake by 19.3%, 7.3%, and 11.0% compared with FP, respectively. However, the average of yield, nutrition uptake, and harvest indexes of N, P, and K were not significantly affected by fertilization. The peanut required 42.0 kg N, 4.6 kg P, and 15.3 kg K to produce 1000 kg of pods. The OPT treatment significantly improved the N partial factor productivity and N uptake efficiency but decreased the K partial factor productivity and K uptake efficiency. The present study demonstrates that fertilizer recommendations from RMOR improve N use efficiency, and reduce N and P fertilizer application without yield loss in regions with smallholder farmers, and the corresponding estimation of nutrient requirements helps to make peanut fertilization recommendations.
Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L.; fertilizer use efficiency; nutrient uptake; optimal fertilization; pod yield Arachis hypogaea L.; fertilizer use efficiency; nutrient uptake; optimal fertilization; pod yield

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hu, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, S.; He, X.; Huang, Y.; Ye, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Yan, J. Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain. Plants 2023, 12, 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061326

AMA Style

Hu J, Yang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang S, He X, Huang Y, Ye Y, Zhao Y, Yan J. Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain. Plants. 2023; 12(6):1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061326

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Jiayu, Yang Yang, Hongyan Zhang, Yuhao Li, Shuhong Zhang, Xinhua He, Yufang Huang, Youliang Ye, Yanan Zhao, and Jungying Yan. 2023. "Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain" Plants 12, no. 6: 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061326

APA Style

Hu, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Zhang, S., He, X., Huang, Y., Ye, Y., Zhao, Y., & Yan, J. (2023). Reduction in Nitrogen Rate and Improvement of Nitrogen Use Efficiency without Loss of Peanut Yield by Regional Mean Optimal Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Based on a Multi-Site Field Experiment in the North China Plain. Plants, 12(6), 1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12061326

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