Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like Anamorphs Causing Root and Basal Rot of Almonds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fungal Isolation
2.2. Species Identification
2.3. Pathogenicity Tests in Detached Cultivar Twigs
2.4. Pathogenicity Test on Young Almond Trees
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Nursery Surveys and Fungal Isolation
4.2. Molecular Characterization of Fungal Isolates
4.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
4.4. Pathogenicity Tests in Detached Twigs of Almond Cultivar
4.5. Pathogenicity Tests in Potted Plants
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Isolate | Rootstock | Tissue of Origin | GenBank Accession No. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | his3 | tub2 | tef1-α | ||||
Dactylonectria torresensis | AL3 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514923 | OM483314 | - | - |
AL29 | Rootpac-40 | main root | OM514924 | OM483315 | - | - | |
AL48 | GxN-15 | feeder root | OM514925 | OM483316 | - | - | |
AL80 | RP-R | feeder root | OM514926 | OM483317 | - | - | |
AL81 | RP-R | basal trunk | OM514927 | OM483318 | - | - | |
AL82 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514928 | OM483319 | - | - | |
AL83 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514929 | OM483320 | - | - | |
AL86 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514930 | OM483321 | - | - | |
AL87 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514931 | OM483322 | - | - | |
AL88 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514932 | OM483323 | - | - | |
AL89 | GxN-15 | feeder root | OM514933 | OM483324 | - | - | |
AL90 | GxN-15 | feeder root | OM514934 | OM483325 | - | - | |
AL91 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514935 | OM483326 | - | - | |
AL92 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514936 | OM483327 | - | - | |
AL93 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514937 | OM483328 | - | - | |
AL94 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514938 | OM483329 | - | - | |
AL95 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514939 | OM483330 | - | - | |
AL96 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514940 | OM483331 | - | - | |
AL97 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514941 | OM483332 | - | - | |
AL98 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514942 | OM483333 | - | - | |
AL100 | GxN-15 | basal trunk | OM514943 | OM483334 | - | - | |
AL101 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514944 | OM483335 | - | - | |
AL102 | GxN-15 | feeder root | OM514945 | OM483336 | - | - | |
AL105 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514946 | OM483337 | - | - | |
AL106 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514947 | OM483338 | - | - | |
AL107 | Nemaguard | main root | OM514948 | OM483339 | - | - | |
AL108 | GxN-15 | main root | OM514949 | OM483340 | - | - | |
AL109 | RP-R | feeder root | - | OM483341 | - | - | |
AL113 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483342 | - | - | |
AL114 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483343 | - | - | |
AL115 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483344 | - | - | |
AL118 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483345 | - | - | |
AL119 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483346 | - | - | |
AL120 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483347 | - | - | |
AL121 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483348 | - | - | |
AL122 | Rootpac-R | main root | - | OM483349 | - | - | |
AL123 | Rootpac-R | main root | - | OM483350 | - | - | |
AL125 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483351 | - | - | |
AL126 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483352 | - | - | |
AL129 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483353 | - | - | |
AL130 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483354 | - | - | |
AL132 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483355 | - | - | |
AL137 | Rootpac-40 | main root | - | OM483356 | - | - | |
AL138 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483357 | - | - | |
AL142 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483358 | - | - | |
AL143 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483359 | - | - | |
AL145 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483360 | - | - | |
AL146 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483361 | - | - | |
AL147 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483362 | - | - | |
AL148 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483363 | - | - | |
AL151 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483364 | - | - | |
AL157 | Rootpac-R | main root | - | OM483365 | - | - | |
Cyl1 | - | main root | OM514950 | OM483366 | - | - | |
Cyl2 | - | main root | OM514951 | OM483367 | - | - | |
D. novozelandica | AL84 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483368 | - | - |
AL85 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483369 | - | - | |
AL99 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483370 | - | - | |
AL111 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483371 | - | - | |
AL112 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483372 | - | - | |
AL116 | Rootpac-40 | main root | - | OM483373 | - | - | |
AL131 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483374 | - | - | |
AL144 | GxN-15 | feeder root | - | OM483375 | - | - | |
AL152 | Rootpac-R | main root | - | OM483376 | - | - | |
D. macrodidyma | AL150 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483377 | - | - |
Ilyonectria liriodendri | AL79 | Nemaguard | main root | - | OM483378 | - | - |
AL170 | GxN-15 | main root | - | OM483379 | - | - | |
Neonectria sp. 1 | AL77 | Nemaguard | main root | OM514952 | OM483380 | OM483386 | - |
AL78 | Nemaguard | main root | OM514953 | OM483381 | OM483387 | OM483384 | |
Neonectria quercicola | AL141 | Rootpac-40 | main root | OM514954 | OM483382 | OM483388 | OM483385 |
Cylindrocladiella variabilis | AL139 | Rootpac-40 | feeder root | - | OM483383 | - | - |
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Capote, N.; Del Río, M.Á.; Herencia, J.F.; Arroyo, F.T. Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like Anamorphs Causing Root and Basal Rot of Almonds. Plants 2022, 11, 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070984
Capote N, Del Río MÁ, Herencia JF, Arroyo FT. Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like Anamorphs Causing Root and Basal Rot of Almonds. Plants. 2022; 11(7):984. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070984
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapote, Nieves, María Ángeles Del Río, Juan Francisco Herencia, and Francisco Teodoro Arroyo. 2022. "Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Cylindrocarpon-like Anamorphs Causing Root and Basal Rot of Almonds" Plants 11, no. 7: 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070984