Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological Changes of Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.2. Protein Identification and Functional Categorization in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.3. Immunoblot Analysis of Proteins Related to Photosynthesis in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.4. Chlorophyll Contents in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.5. Immunoblot Analysis of Proteins Related to Glycolysis in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.6. Immunoblot Analysis of Proteins Related to Biotic Stress in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
2.7. Amino-Acid Analysis in Wheat Treated with Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding Stress
3. Discussion
3.1. Plant-Derived Smoke Solution Improves Flooding Tolerance of Wheat
3.2. Photosynthesis Activity Increases in Wheat by Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding
3.3. Glycolysis Is Suppressed in Wheat by Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding
3.4. PR Proteins Are Accumulated in Wheat under Flooding and Suppressed by Plant-Derived Smoke Solution under Flooding
3.5. Amino Acids Are Accumulated by Flooding and Suppressed by the Application of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Treatment
4.2. Protein Extraction
4.3. Protein Enrichment, Reduction, Alkylation, and Digestion
4.4. Protein Identification Using LC-MS/MS
4.5. Analysis of MS/MS Data
4.6. Differential Analysis of Proteins Using MS Data
4.7. Immunoblot Analysis
4.8. Contents of Chlorophylls a and b
4.9. Amino-Acid Analysis
4.10. Statistical Analysis, Gene Annotation, and Metabolite Mapping
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Komatsu, S.; Yamaguchi, H.; Hitachi, K.; Tsuchida, K.; Rehman, S.U.; Ohno, T. Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress. Plants 2022, 11, 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111508
Komatsu S, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K, Rehman SU, Ohno T. Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111508
Chicago/Turabian StyleKomatsu, Setsuko, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Keisuke Hitachi, Kunihiro Tsuchida, Shafiq Ur Rehman, and Toshihisa Ohno. 2022. "Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress" Plants 11, no. 11: 1508. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111508