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Volume 10
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10.3390/plants10071444
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Article

CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)

by
Kaijie Qi
1,†,
Xiaofei Song
1,†,
Yazhou Yuan
1,
Jianping Bao
2,
Xin Gong
1,
Xiaosan Huang
1,
Shahrokh Khanizadeh
3,
Shaoling Zhang
1 and
Shutian Tao
1,*
1
Pear Engineering Research Centre, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
2
College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Ala’er City 843300, China
3
ELM Consulting Inc., St-Lazare, QC J7T, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Kaijie Qi and Xiaofei Song are contributed equally to this work.
Plants 2021, 10(7), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444
Submission received: 26 June 2021 / Revised: 12 July 2021 / Accepted: 13 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
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Abstract

The synthetic enzyme cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is involved in responses to various stresses during plant growth. It regulates the monolignol biosynthesis and catalyzes hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde reduction to the corresponding alcohols. Although the CAD gene families have been explored in some species, little known is in Rosaceae. In this study, we identified 149 genes in Pyrus bretschneideri (PbrCAD), Malus domestica (MDPCAD), Prunus mume (PmCAD) and Fragaria vesca (mrnaCAD). They were phylogenetically clustered into six subgroups. All CAD genes contained ADH-N and ADH-zinc-N domains and were distributed on chromosomes unevenly. Dispersed and WGD/segmental duplications accounted the highest number of evolutionary events. Eight collinear gene pairs were identified among the four Rosaceae species, and the highest number was recorded in pear as five pairs. The five PbrCAD gene pairs had undergone purifying selection under Ka/Ks analysis. Furthermore, nine genes were identified based on transcriptomic and stone cell content in pear fruit. In qRT-PCR, the expression patterns of PbrCAD1, PbrCAD20, PbrCAD27, and PbrCAD31 were consistent with variation in stone cell content during pear fruit development. These results will provide valuable information for understanding the relationship between gene expressions and stone cell number in fruit.
Keywords: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; gene family; Rosaceae; stone cell; expression cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; gene family; Rosaceae; stone cell; expression

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MDPI and ACS Style

Qi, K.; Song, X.; Yuan, Y.; Bao, J.; Gong, X.; Huang, X.; Khanizadeh, S.; Zhang, S.; Tao, S. CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). Plants 2021, 10, 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444

AMA Style

Qi K, Song X, Yuan Y, Bao J, Gong X, Huang X, Khanizadeh S, Zhang S, Tao S. CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). Plants. 2021; 10(7):1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi, Kaijie, Xiaofei Song, Yazhou Yuan, Jianping Bao, Xin Gong, Xiaosan Huang, Shahrokh Khanizadeh, Shaoling Zhang, and Shutian Tao. 2021. "CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)" Plants 10, no. 7: 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444

APA Style

Qi, K., Song, X., Yuan, Y., Bao, J., Gong, X., Huang, X., Khanizadeh, S., Zhang, S., & Tao, S. (2021). CAD Genes: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Their Contribution to Lignin Biosynthesis in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). Plants, 10(7), 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071444

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