Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production—An Updated Overview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biosynthesis and Precursors of Terpenoids
2.1. Monoterpenoid Chemical Compounds
2.2. Sesquiterpenoid Chemical Compounds
3. Analytical Platforms for Terpenoids
3.1. Chromatographic Techniques
3.2. Metabolic Profiling of Plant Terpenoids
4. Metabolic Engineering of Terpenoids in Plants
5. Synthetic Biology of Terpenoids
6. Terpenoids Pharmacological Activity
6.1. Monoterpenoids
6.1.1. Linalool
6.1.2. Limonene
6.1.3. Alpha-Pinene
6.1.4. Others
6.2. Sesquiterpenoids
6.2.1. Costunolide
6.2.2. Parthenolide
6.2.3. Trans-Caryophyllene
6.2.4. Others
7. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Instrument | Column Name | Dimension (Length, Inner Diameter & Thickness) | Oven Program | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
GC-MS | DB-5MS-DG, DB-17, VF-35 | 30 m × 0.25 µm ID × 0.25 µm, 30 m × 0.25 µm ID × 1.0 µm | 60 °C (2 min), Ramp: 5 °C/min to 200 °C | [52] |
GC-MS | TG-624 SilMS | 30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 1.4 µm | 60 °C (30 s), Ramp 1: 15 °C/min to 130 (3 min); Ramp 2 5 °C/min to 140 °C (1 min); Ramp 3: 22° C/min 280 °C (3 min) | [53] |
GC-MS | HP-5 | 30 m × 0.25 µm ID × 0.25 µm | 50 °C (2 min), Ramp 1: 5 °C min to 180 °C, Ramp 2: 20 °C/min to 270 °C | [54] |
GC-MS | Rxi-624 Sil MS | 30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 1.4 µm | 80 °C (1 min), Ramp 1: 12 °C/min to 150 (1 min); Ramp 2 9 °C/min to 250 (1 min) | [55] |
GC-FID | ZB-5 PLUSTM | 20 m × 0.18 mm ID × 0.36 µm | Ramp 1: 35 °C to 105 °C 10 °C/min to 205 °C Ramp 2: 15 °C/min to 360 °C Ramp 3: 35 °C/min for 1.9 min | [56] |
GC-MSD | DB-HeavyWax | 30 m × 250 µm ID × 1.4 µm | 50 °C (0.75 min), Ramp 1: 80 °C (0 min); Ramp 2: 240 °C (5 min) | [57] |
GC-FID | VF-624 ms | 60 m × 0.32 mm ID × 1.8 µm | 90° C (1 min), Ramp 1: 15 °C min to 181° C (3 min) | [58] |
GC-MS | Elite-5 | 30 m × 0.25 µm ID × 0.25 µm | 100 °C (5 min), Ramp 1: 20 C/min (200° C), Ramp 2: 10 °C/min (270 °C) | [59] |
Source | Instrument * | Method | Identified Terpenes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cannabis | GC-MS | ASE | 23 | [65] |
Cannabis | GC-MS | Headspace, SPME and Liquid injection | 49 | [52] |
Cannabis varieties | GC-MS | HS-SPME | 30 | [66] |
Cannabis | GC-MS | Headsapce | 30 | [53] |
Muscat grape | GC-MS | HS-SPME | 28 | [67] |
Finger Cirton | GC-MS | SPME | 62 | [68] |
Fourteen Compositae plants | GC-MS | n-hexane | 213 | [54] |
Goose berry, crabapple, cherry silver berry, scarlet hawthornq | GC × GC-TOF-MS | SPME | 79 | [69] |
Exocarpium citri Grandis | GC-MS | SP, HS-SPME & solvent extraction | 81 | [70] |
Basil & Tobacco | GC-MS | SP, Ultrasound-Assisted | 18 | [71] |
Zinger | GC-MS/LC-ESI-MS | MeOH | 102 | [72] |
Source | Species | Targeted Genes | Up/Downregulated | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Monoterpenoids (C15) | ||||
Mentha | Mentha spicata | Limonene synthase | Incresead in sesquiterpenoid | [73] |
Lour | Litsea cubeba | Geranyl diphosphate synthase small subunit 1 | Increase in monoterpene content | [74] |
Lilium | Lilium “Siberia” | 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase | Linalool (mono), Caryophyllene (sesqui) | [75] |
Mentha X piperita | Nicotiania benthamiana & Nicotiania tabacum | Geranyl diphosphate synthase small subunit | (−) Limonene, (−)-Linalool, (−)-β-pinene, (−)-α-pinene, Myrcene | [76] |
Sweet osmanthus | Osmanthus fragrans | Terpene synthase | β-linalool, trans-β-ocimene, α-farnesene | [77] |
Mentha | Mentha spicata | IPP isomerase & limonen synthase | 1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, terpinene, lomonene, borneol, safranal, geraniol, thymol, 1-α-terpineol, methyl eugenol, menthone, menthol-isomer, thymol, piperitone | [78] |
English lavender | Lavandula angustifolia | Linalool synthase, HMG-CoA reductase | Linalool | [79] |
Snapdragon | Antirrhinum majus | Geranyl diphosphate synthase small sub unit | Increase in monoterpene and sesquiterpene content | [80] |
Tobacco | Nicotiania tabacum | ϒ-Terpinene synthase | ϒ-Terpinene, limonene, β-pinene and side products | [81] |
Arabidopsis | Arabidopsis thalina | Linalool/nerolidol synthase | Linalool, hydroxylated and glycosylated linalool | [14] |
Tobacco | Nicotiania tabacum | Limonene synthase | Limonene | [82] |
Petunia | Petunia hybrida | Linalool synthase | Linalool glycoside | [10] |
Tomato | Lycopersicon esculentum | Linalool synthase | Fruit-Linalool & hydroxylated linalool | [11] |
Sesquiterpenoids (C15) | ||||
Sweet wormwood | Nicotiania benthamiana | β-caryophyllene synthase | β-caryophyllene | [83] |
Sweet wormwood | Artemisia annua | Sesquiterpene cyclase | Atremisinin | [84] |
Feverfew | Tanacetum parthenium | Parthenolide synthase | Parthenolide | [85] |
Sweet wormwood | Nicotiania benthamiana | Sesquiterpene synthase | Amorpha-4,11-diene & epi-cedrol | [86] |
Lettuce | Lactuca sativa | Costunolide synthase | Costunolide | [87] |
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Mani, V.; Park, S.; Kim, J.A.; Lee, S.I.; Lee, K. Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production—An Updated Overview. Plants 2021, 10, 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102179
Mani V, Park S, Kim JA, Lee SI, Lee K. Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production—An Updated Overview. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102179
Chicago/Turabian StyleMani, Vimalraj, Soyoung Park, Jin A Kim, Soo In Lee, and Kijong Lee. 2021. "Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production—An Updated Overview" Plants 10, no. 10: 2179. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102179