IdroGEO: A Collaborative Web Mapping Application Based on REST API Services and Open Data on Landslides and Floods in Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Description and Data Model
2.1.1. IFFI Data Model and Editing Workflow
- Landslide Reports contain a limited amount of information (e.g., location, damage, date of occurrence) or multimedia content (photos, videos, documents). Reports are entered by public administration officers (e.g., forestry services, municipal technicians) or by professionals (geologists, engineers, etc.), and validated by the IFFI regional technical units.
- Landslide Events have a known date of occurrence and are recorded by filling in the Event online form, which contains a selection of fields from the IFFI Landslide form and fewer mandatory fields. The Event form can be used, especially during emergency activities, to easily register a landslide event, both for a newly formed landslide and for a reactivation of an existing IFFI landslide. Geometry can be represented only with a point or also with a polygon regardless of the landslide size.
- IFFI Landslides are recorded by filling in the complete IFFI Landslide online form. Each Landslide is represented by a point (Landslide Identification Point) located at the landslide crown, by a polygon when the area of the landslide can be mapped at the adopted survey scale or by a line, when the width of the landslide cannot be mapped (e.g., rapid debris flows) [30].
- Landslide ID
- Reporter
- Institution
- Date of report
- Geographical context related data (Region, Province, Municipality, River Basin District Authority)
- Description
- Type of movement
- Date of observation
- State of activity
- Method (used to evaluate the type of movement and state of activity)
- Damage
2.2. User Interface
- Print landslide reportThe report contains the excerpt of the map of the selected landslide and all the associated information contained in the IFFI inventory database and structured into sections (General, Classification, Activity, Dating, Damage, etc.).
- Print hazard and risk reportThe report contains the map automatically sized as currently displayed on screen, the contextual and hazard data for landslides, floods, and risk related to the population, families, buildings, companies and services, and cultural heritages.
- Scenario calculationThe “Scenario calculation” tool returns the estimate of the elements exposed to landslide and flood risk in a portion of the territory circumscribed as desired through a polygon drawn by the user (Figure 6).
- Landslide reportingThe reporting of a new landslide is carried out by positioning a point on the map, entering the main information, and uploading photos/videos/documents or a web link regarding the landslide.
- National mosaics of landslide and flood hazard.
- Data relating to hazard zones and risk indicators on a national, regional, provincial, and municipal basis (XLS, CSV, JSON format), with the related metadata file (CSV).
- Landslides of the IFFI inventory by Region/Autonomous Province (shapefile format; point, line, and polygon geometries).
- Dictionaries of the IFFI inventory (JSON format).
2.3. Architecture of the Platform
2.4. Use and Usability Evaluation of the IdroGEO Platform
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results
- The time to publish data updates online has gone from about 1 year to an average of 60 days. Before the development of the IdroGEO platform, data updates were sent via email by the regional administrations once a year and manually loaded into the national database. Using the new platform, and specifically the IFFI web editor or the API services, it is now possible to upload the information via the web and then to proceed with the validation and approval cycle, shortly after the landslide occurs.
- The integration of regional landslide management systems has begun in Lombardy Region, whose data now interoperate through the IdroGEO APIs.
3.2. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data Category Name | Description |
---|---|
General | Landslide general information and geographical context |
Classification | Type of movement, velocity, materials, and water content |
Activity | State of activity, date of observation |
Method | Methods used for landslide data acquisition |
Dating | Certain/uncertain date of occurrence and source of information |
Activations | List of registered events |
Damage | Damage to people, buildings, infrastructure, etc. |
Risk | Elements exposed to risk |
Geometry | Landslide geometry: crown and toe elevation, length, area, volume, depth of surface of rupture, slope angle, etc. |
Landslide position, slope aspect and land use | Crown and toe position on the slope, slope aspect, and land use |
Geology | Geologic units, lithology, geotechnical properties, etc. |
Hydrogeology | Surface water, springs, groundwater |
Causes | Contributing and triggering factors |
Precursory signs | List of precursory signs |
Reports, investigation and monitoring | Studies, investigations, and monitoring systems |
Remedial measures | Remedial works and mitigation measures |
Documentation | References, National Legislation or Civil Protection Acts |
Multimedia | Photo, video, and documentation attachments |
Revisions | History of all the edit revisions and versioning |
Service Type | Provider Name | Description |
---|---|---|
REST API | ISPRA IdroGEO API | Are the core application services providing authentication and authorization to the application data, controlled vocabularies, functions, and processes |
REST API | OSM Nominatim | Nominatim is a search engine for OpenStreetMap data and used as a geocoder for common places in Italy |
REST API | Wordpress CMS | Wordpress REST API v2 is used as a headless CMS for the static content of the IdroGEO platform |
REST API | gravatar.com | Used to associate the user profile image as configured and stored on the Wordpress Gravatar site |
MapBox Vector Tiles | ISPRA IdroGEO WebCache | Used to serve the following data to the IdroGEO frontend: 1. IFFI Landslide map geometries and related key public data 2. Landslide Reports 3. Landslide Events 4. ISTAT administrative boundaries (Country, Macro-regions, Regions, Provinces, Municipalities, and Sub-Municipal) |
OGC WMS Service | ISPRA IdroGEO GeoServer | Used to serve several IdroGEO maps and provide access to the related public data. This includes the following maps: 1. Combined national Mosaic of landslide and flood hazard zones 2. Risk indicators at local administrative units (municipality level) 3. Landslide risk density grids (1 km and 500 m) |
OGC WMS Service | ISPRA ReNDiS GeoServer | Used to overlay in the map the geospatial location and the details on remedial works of the Italian Repertory of mitigation measures (ReNDiS) |
OGC WMS Service | MiBACT—ISCR | Used to overlay in the map the geospatial location and data on Cultural Heritage in Italy (VIR) |
OGC WMTS Service | Department of Civil Protection | 3 h cumulative rainfall (interpolation by the Department of Civil Protection) |
OGC WMTS Service | Department of Civil Protection | 24 h cumulative rainfall (interpolation by the Department of Civil Protection) |
Tile Map Services | OSM | OSM Tile Map Services used to render OpenStreetMap base maps |
Tile Map Services | ESRI | ESRI Tile Map Services used to render the ArcGIS World Topo Map base maps |
Tile Map Services | Microsoft | Microsoft Tile Map Services used to render Bing satellite base maps |
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Iadanza, C.; Trigila, A.; Starace, P.; Dragoni, A.; Biondo, T.; Roccisano, M. IdroGEO: A Collaborative Web Mapping Application Based on REST API Services and Open Data on Landslides and Floods in Italy. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020089
Iadanza C, Trigila A, Starace P, Dragoni A, Biondo T, Roccisano M. IdroGEO: A Collaborative Web Mapping Application Based on REST API Services and Open Data on Landslides and Floods in Italy. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10(2):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020089
Chicago/Turabian StyleIadanza, Carla, Alessandro Trigila, Paolo Starace, Alessio Dragoni, Tommaso Biondo, and Marco Roccisano. 2021. "IdroGEO: A Collaborative Web Mapping Application Based on REST API Services and Open Data on Landslides and Floods in Italy" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 2: 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020089