Strategic Analysis for Governance Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. NSDIP and Governance
2.2. Spatial Information Web Portals
3. Determination of Evaluation Criteria
3.1. Information Disclosure
3.2. Stakeholder Participation
3.3. Civil Petition Service
3.4. Website Usability
4. NSDIP’s Evaluation and Improvement Plan
4.1. NSDIP Evaluation
4.1.1. Information Disclosure
4.1.2. Stakeholder Participation
4.1.3. Civil Petition Service
4.1.4. Website Usability
4.2. Improvement Plan
4.2.1. Information Disclosure
4.2.2. Stakeholder Participation
4.2.3. Civil Petition Service
4.2.4. Website Usability
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Key Words | References |
---|---|
Innovative service | [2,4,5,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,22,33,34,36,40,47] |
Communication (opinion suggestion) | [3,4,6,14,15,16,17,22,23,38,39,40] |
Collaboration (cooperation) | [3,4,6,14,15,16,17,22,38,39] |
Information usability | [5,6,17,22,26,33,34,35,37,38,40] |
Education (training) | [5,22,35,36,38,39,43,44,45,46] |
Privacy (security) | [2,22,23,33,35,37,42,44,47,48] |
Service quality (quickness) | [2,5,14,17,18,22,33,34,35,36,40,43,47] |
Information up-to-date (accuracy) | [2,6,17,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,43] |
Navigation (speed, link, search) | [2,31,32,49,50,51,52,54,55,57] |
Information diversity | [5,6,7,8,9,17,22,26,27,33,34,35,36,37,38,43] |
Accessibility (languages, browsers) | [2,31,32,49,50,51,52,53,54,56,57] |
Design (aesthetics, colors) | [2,31,32,49,50,51,52,55,56] |
Customized information | [3,5,7,8,9,14,17,18,22,23,26,27,33,34,35,37,38] |
Start-up (job, high added values) | [3,4,16,17,19,20,21,22,36,41,43] |
Interaction (feedback, help) | [2,31,32,49,50,51,53,54,55,57] |
Prizes (incentives) | [5,23,33,34,36,38,39,40,42,43,47] |
Criteria | Contents | Related Sessions |
---|---|---|
Information usability | · Improved usability so that spatial information owned by 205 agencies can be disclosed and utilized in various fields | · ‘open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’ |
· Creation of added value of spatial information by providing various APIs | · ‘Open API’ | |
· Provides spatial information as well as real estate development/brokerage/industry trends, and recruitment information | · ‘reading space’, ‘notification space’ | |
· Provides various data formats for user convenience | · ‘open market: format’ | |
Information diversity | · A total of 67,278 datasets of spatial data were provided: land management and regional development (50.4%), road/transportation/logistics (17.0%), general administration (9.2%), map-related fields (8.6%), etc. | · ‘open space: open market’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’ |
· Provides vector and raster spatial information and attribute data | · ‘Open market’, ‘Reading space’, ‘Utilization space’ | |
· Provision of spatial information expertise, policies, laws, standards, etc. | · ‘knowledge space’ | |
Customized information | · Provision of spatial information for each government agency · Basic spatial information provided by catalog · Provided by spatial information classification system, tag, and format | · ‘open market’ |
· Provides API for each type for business creation through spatial information processing | · ‘utilization space’ | |
· Satisfaction survey on spatial information opening through demand survey | · ‘knowledge space’ | |
Information up-to-date (accuracy) | · Data generated by 205 agencies are disclosed as hyperlinks, and in the case of digital topographic maps, the renewal cycle is once a year. | · ‘open market’ |
· A total of 67,278 datasets of spatial data are disclosed, but the unification of the update cycle of each spatial data and quality management procedures according to OGC/ISO international standards are not disclosed. | · ‘open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘communication space’, ‘knowledge space’ |
Criteria | Contents | Related Sessions |
---|---|---|
Collaboration (cooperation) | · User participation and cooperation are made through ‘spatial infographic’, ‘spatial information promotion center’, ‘spatial cafe’, ‘poll’, ‘Q&A’, and ‘FAQ’. | · ‘Communication space’ |
· Cooperation to revitalize the industry by introducing participating companies, products, and providing examples of spatial information use · Collaboration with stakeholders through spatial data demand survey and satisfaction survey · Finding ways to cooperate to eliminate inconveniences | · ‘Communication space–spatial information promotion center’ · ‘Communication space: poll’ · ‘Communication space: Q&A’ | |
· Establish a collaboration system by providing information on policy, real estate, land, cadastral, spatial information, and distribution | · ‘Communication space: FAQ’, ‘open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’ | |
Communication (opinion suggestion) | · Reinforce the communication system for the use of spatial data by conducting monthly data open demand survey | · ‘Communication space: poll’ |
· Q&A related to overall spatial information including thematic maps, real estate, coordinate system, etc. | · ‘Communication space: Q&A’ | |
· Reinforce communication by subject (policy, real estate, land, cadastral, spatial information, distribution) and data and provide FAQ | · ‘Communication space: FAQ’ | |
· Create and register spatial information products with the user’s creative ideas | · ‘Utilization space’ | |
· ‘Space café’ is divided into thematic map, category, and my space café and is open, but its utilization is low. | · ‘Communication space’ | |
Education (training) | · Introduce the schedule of spatial information education (creative talent nurturing plan, introduction of academy education, academy curriculum) and recruit trainees | · ‘Notification space: spatial information education’, ‘spatial information academy’ |
· A separate training course for prospective job seekers is established to provide employment after training. | · ‘Notification space: spatial information education’, ‘spatial information academy’ | |
Start-up (job, high added values) | · 2021 Spatial information startup/creative user idea contest (award and prize support) | · ‘Notification space: notice’ |
· Provide jobs in connection with National Recruitment Information Worknet (www.work.go.kr) | · ‘Notification space: recruitment information inquiry’ |
Criteria | Contents | Related Sessions |
---|---|---|
Innovative service | · Provide 67,278 datasets of spatial information owned by 205 governments and local governments using a web portal | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ |
· Provide in LOD form so that it can be used for development of various services or applications related to spatial information by linking with addresses | · ‘Open space’ | |
· Provided in the form of a CC (Creative Commons) license for free use of spatial information | ||
Service quality (quickness) | · Service in new technologies and applications of spatial information through contests and expos | · ‘Notification space’ |
· Advanced service quality through LOD (service/application development), API (providing data in KML or GEOJSON format and displaying map using visualization tool SDK) | · ‘Utilization space’, ‘open space’ | |
· Provide a smart educational environment for industry-tailored education and nurturing of youth creative talent | · ‘Notification space’ | |
· Provide prompt answers to Q&A, surveys, announcements, and spatial information education notifications | · ‘Communication space’, ‘notification space’ | |
Privacy (security) | · For user privacy and security, one can log in through membership registration (foreign members can join) | · ‘Membership’, ‘login’ |
· Some comments cannot be opened due to privacy protection in the communication of opinions by Q&A | · ‘Communication space’ | |
· Requires membership registration when downloading spatial information | · ‘Open space: open market’ | |
Prizes (incentives) | · Annual spatial information excellent users and startup ideas contest held (award, prize money) | · ‘Notification space’ |
· Provide employment incentives after training through industry-tailored education reinforcement courses | · ‘Notification space: spatial information education’ |
Criteria | Contents | Related Sessions |
---|---|---|
Navigation (speed, link, search) | · Smooth navigation of 6 main menus and sub-menus and hyperlinked organizations. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ |
· Search by type, format, and institution (by word/topic) of spatial information is performed smoothly. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’ | |
Design (aesthetics, colors) | · Colors and menus are configured so that the site map function of the website makes it convenient for users to search for spatial information. However, since a lot of information is provided, users may feel pressured, so a design for providing customized information is required. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ |
· Designed to select text, graphic mode considering the user environment of the home page. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ | |
Accessibility (languages, browsers) | · It is built in the Korean version, and the English version provides very little information. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ |
· It should be designed so that minority groups such as children and the disabled can easily access spatial information. | · ‘Open space’, ‘utilization space’, ‘reading space’, ‘knowledge space’, ‘communication space’, ‘notification space’ | |
Interaction (feedback, help) | · Feedback and help are provided through Q&A, surveys, announcements, press releases, space cafes, and creating one’s own topic maps. | · ‘Notification space’, ‘communication space’, ‘utilization space’ |
Improvement Plan | Evaluation Criteria |
---|---|
· A portal design that can provide customized spatial information by setting a catalog considering the level of the user group and the characteristics of the field of application of spatial information is required. | · Information usability, information diversity, customized information |
· In order to create added value of spatial data, various APIs are provided, and ideas or new products developed by users are disclosed to maximize the expected effect of open spatial data. | · Information usability, customized information |
· Collect users’ opinions through Q&A, surveys, and spatial cafes, disclose improvement plans, and continuously disclose new spatial information. | · Information diversity, customized information |
· Establish a sustainable accuracy management plan to systematically secure the up-to-date spatial information in accordance with OGC/ISO international standards. | · Information up-to-date (accuracy) |
· Improving user-friendly information retrieval and visualization by making it easy to search and analyze data based on geographic location using a web GIS viewer. | · Information usability, information diversity, customized information, information up-to-date (accuracy) |
Improvement Plan | Evaluation Criteria |
---|---|
· Continuously implement publicity and events that can promote user participation through ‘communication space’ and ‘notification space’, and feedback through users’ ideas and opinions. | · Communication (opinion suggestion), collaboration (cooperation) |
· Proposes exhibitions or contests where users can propose creative ideas and solutions using spatial information at all times on the portal and provide a space for mutual communication. | · Communication (opinion suggestion), collaboration (cooperation) |
· Increasing participation by securing innovative portal openness that allows users to freely access and use the portal, breaking away from the current method that requires users to sign up and log in to the portal. | · Communication (opinion suggestion), collaboration (cooperation) |
· Excellent ideas and solutions can be developed as prototype products through simulation, providing institutional support measures, and improving added value through start-ups and job creation. | · Collaboration (cooperation), start-up (job, high added values) |
· Expand the base of professional knowledge by inviting experts to educate the government, local governments, businesses, and citizens on the latest spatial information solutions. | · Education (training) |
Improvement Plan | Evaluation Criteria |
---|---|
· Establish open and innovative service systems that can communicate with each other by establishing an interactive service system through a portal | · Innovative service, service quality (quickness) |
· It is necessary to promote service quality advancement through LOD and API, introduce web GIS function to improve spatial information visualization quality, and to provide various services by supplementing spatial statistical analysis function. | · Innovative service, service quality (quickness) |
· It is required to discover creative ideas and excellent solutions through contests and expos, provide various incentives, and discover start-up support services that can support start-ups. | · Innovative service, service quality (quickness), prizes (incentives) |
· Spatial data services are subject to surveillance and privacy violations due to location exposure, so legal and institutional devices are needed to protect privacy and secure security. | · Privacy (security) |
· In addition to the free opening of spatial information, it is necessary to prepare a legal and institutional mechanism to deal with intellectual property rights issues related to processing and production. | · Privacy (security) |
Improvement Plan | Evaluation Criteria |
---|---|
· A portal design is required to provide an innovative portal function capable of near real-time data, volunteered geographical information, and online geo-processing. | · Navigation (speed, link, search), design (aesthetics, colors) |
· It is necessary to design an information architecture that is optimized through surveys and feedback, and it is also necessary to supplement the functions of three-dimensional visualization, user feedback, dynamic visualization, and search functionality. | · Navigation (speed, link, search), design (aesthetics, colors), interaction (feedback, help), accessibility (languages, browsers) |
· Introducing web GIS and open source R statistical software to improve accessibility in information retrieval and analysis, and an English version and web design for the underprivileged (children, disabled, etc.) are required. | · Accessibility (languages, browsers), interaction (feedback, help) |
· Reinforce international standardization of portals by reflecting international standards in web design. | · Navigation (speed, link, search), design (aesthetics, colors), interaction (feedback, help), accessibility (languages, browsers) |
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Yoo, Y.; Kim, S.-s. Strategic Analysis for Governance Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal in Korea. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100654
Yoo Y, Kim S-s. Strategic Analysis for Governance Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal in Korea. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10(10):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100654
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoo, Yejin, and Seong-sig Kim. 2021. "Strategic Analysis for Governance Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal in Korea" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100654