Untargeted and Oxylipin-Targeted Metabolomics Study on the Plasma Samples of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Ophthalmic Examinations and Blood Tests
2.3. Metabolomics Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics of the Study Subjects
3.2. Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis (UTMs)
3.3. Oxylipin-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis (OTMs)
3.4. UTMs Combine with OTMs
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients | Medications | Duration | Severity |
---|---|---|---|
POAG-1 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Carteolol | 5 months | moderate |
POAG-2 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Brimonidine Tartrate | 4 months | moderate |
POAG-3 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Tafluprost, Latanoprost | 2 years 2 months | severe |
POAG-4 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Tafluprost | 8 months | severe |
POAG-5 | Brinzolamide, Latanoprost | 5 months | severe |
POAG-6 | Brinzolamide and Timolol | 1 year 9 months | severe |
POAG-7 | Tafluprost, Brimonidine Tartrate | 1 year 6 months | moderate |
POAG-8 | Brimonidine Tartrate | 9 months | severe |
POAG-9 | Brinzolamide, Tafluprost | 6 months | severe |
POAG-10 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Brimonidine Tartrate | 3 months | severe |
POAG-11 | Brinzolamide and Timolol | 6 months | severe |
POAG-12 | Tafluprost, Carteolol | 9 months | severe |
POAG-13 | Latanoprost, Brimonidine Tartrate | 1 month | severe |
POAG-14 | Brinzolamide, Timolol, Tafluprost | 7 days | moderate |
POAG-15 | Brinzolamide and Timolol | 8 months | severe |
POAG-16 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Brimonidine Tartrate | 1 months | severe |
POAG-17 | Brinzolamide and Timolol | 5 months | severe |
POAG-18 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Tafluprost | 3 months | severe |
POAG-19 | Brinzolamide and Timolol | 1 year 7 months | severe |
POAG-20 | Brinzolamide and Timolol, Brimonidine Tartrate | 7 days | mild |
POAG (n = 20) | Controls (n = 20) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 68.5 ± 7.41 | 66.85 ± 8.33 | 0.512 a |
Sex (male/female) | 14/6 | 11/9 | 0.330 b |
Smoking (yes/no) | 13/7 | 10/10 | 0.340 b |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.20 ± 3.06 | 22.84 ± 3.24 | 0.192 a |
SBP (mmHg) | 138.2 ± 16.09 | 133.25 ± 11.47 | 0.270 a |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.90 ± 10.06 | 81.30 ± 7.84 | 0.627 a |
BCVA (logMAR) | 0.50 ± 0.30 | 0.69 ± 0.63 | 0.119 a |
IOP (mmHg) | 14.98 ± 3.52 | 14.13 ± 3.05 | 0.420 a |
AL (mm) | 23.23 ± 0.80 | 23.63 ± 0.70 | 0.100 a |
CCT (µm) | 549.12 ± 42.98 | 532.85 ± 30.56 | 0.126 c |
ACD (mm) | 3.20 ± 0.25 | 3.15 ± 0.42 | 0.692 a |
C/D | 0.9(0.8, 0.9) | 0.3 (0.3, 0.4) | <0.001 c |
VF (MD) | 20.31 ± 7.76 | - | - |
VF (PSD) | 7.68 ± 1.84 | - | - |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.45 ± 1.11 | 4.77 ± 0.76 | 0.031 a |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.74 ± 0.83 | 1.34 ± 0.59 | 0.123 c |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.59 ± 0.66 | 1.35 ± 0.40 | 0.159 a |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.23 ± 1.28 | 2.91 ± 0.78 | 0.339 a |
LP(α) (mg/L) | 137.55 ± 108.77 | 138.50 ± 124.49 | 0.787 c |
Apo A-1 (g/L) | 1.31 ± 0.22 | 1.26 ± 0.21 | 1.000 c |
Apo B (g/L) | 0.93 ± 0.26 | 0.85 ± 0.14 | 0.249 a |
Apo B/A-1 | 0.71 ± 0.18 | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.802 a |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.79 ± 1.76 | 6.33 ± 1.41 | 0.344 c |
WBC (×109/L) | 7.84 ± 2.25 | 7.03 ± 2.09 | 0.267 a |
Neu (×109/L) | 4.76 ± 1.71 | 4.25 ± 1.56 | 0.345 a |
Lym (×109/L) | 2.25 ± 0.65 | 2.07 ± 0.77 | 0.306 c |
Mono (×109/L) | 0.66 ± 0.24 | 0.49 ± 0.15 | 0.017 c |
Eos (×109/L) | 0.18 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.15 | 0.644 c |
Baso (×109/L) | 0.12 ± 0.15 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.270 c |
Metabolites | VIP | FC | p | AUC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetylcholine | 1.4 | 38.1 | 0.0345 | 0.73 | ↑ |
Cotinine | 1.35 | 2.66 | 0.0283 | 0.77 | ↑ |
9-HpODE | 1.35 | 2.08 | 0.011 | 0.7 | ↑ |
Pyruvic acid | 1.29 | 1.55 | 0.0013 | 0.8 | ↑ |
Sphingosine | 1.09 | 1.43 | 0.0248 | 0.68 | ↑ |
Phytosphingosine | 1.07 | 1.41 | 0.0306 | 0.68 | ↑ |
Hexadecanamide | 1.43 | 1.34 | 0.0116 | 0.76 | ↑ |
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 2.13 | 1.29 | <0.001 | 0.84 | ↑ |
Phenethylamine | 2.6 | 1.28 | <0.001 | 0.91 | ↑ |
L-Phenylalanine | 1.22 | 1.27 | <0.001 | 0.86 | ↑ |
L-Lactic acid | 1.36 | 1.23 | 0.0084 | 0.71 | ↑ |
4-Phenylbutyric acid | 2.1 | 1.18 | <0.001 | 0.85 | ↑ |
Acetophenone | 2.43 | 1.16 | <0.001 | 0.91 | ↑ |
Palmitic acid | 1.16 | 1.06 | 0.0217 | 0.73 | ↑ |
Corticosterone | −1.22 | 0.91 | 0.007 | 0.79 | ↓ |
Citric acid | −1.15 | 0.89 | 0.0356 | 0.72 | ↓ |
Cytidine | −1.89 | 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.83 | ↓ |
Tretinoin | −1.82 | 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.81 | ↓ |
4-Oxoproline | −1.07 | 0.87 | 0.0245 | 0.69 | ↓ |
Lauric acid | −1.64 | 0.86 | 0.0042 | 0.78 | ↓ |
4-Toluic acid | −2.44 | 0.84 | <0.001 | 0.95 | ↓ |
Benzoic acid | −2.62 | 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.98 | ↓ |
Methylsuccinic acid | −1.05 | 0.77 | 0.0399 | 0.66 | ↓ |
Levulinic acid | −2.53 | 0.76 | <0.001 | 0.98 | ↓ |
16-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | −1.32 | 0.72 | 0.0348 | 0.72 | ↓ |
Mannitol 1-phosphate | −1.88 | 0.71 | <0.001 | 0.81 | ↓ |
PC(16:0/16:0) | −1.42 | 0.69 | 0.009 | 0.73 | ↓ |
L-Arginine | −1.51 | 0.67 | 0.0405 | 0.7 | ↓ |
Linoleic acid | −1.5 | 0.63 | 0.0056 | 0.74 | ↓ |
trans, trans-Muconic acid | −2.33 | 0.62 | <0.001 | 0.96 | ↓ |
Phloroglucinol | −1.05 | 0.54 | 0.0499 | 0.69 | ↓ |
alpha-Linolenic acid | −1.19 | 0.54 | 0.015 | 0.72 | ↓ |
2-Oxobutyric acid | −1.51 | 0.51 | 0.0215 | 0.86 | ↓ |
Pathway | Total | Hits | Raw p | −ln(p) | Impact |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linoleic acid metabolism | 5 | 2 | 0.0022344 | 6.1038 | 1 |
Phenylalanine metabolism | 10 | 2 | 0.0095891 | 4.6471 | 0.59524 |
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism | 13 | 2 | 0.016156 | 4.1255 | 0.33333 |
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | 20 | 2 | 0.045787 | 3.0838 | 0.13672 |
Metabolites | VIP | FC | p Value | AUC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15-kPGF2α | −1.95 | 0.36 | 0.0023 | 0.940 | ↓ |
13,14-dPGD2 | −1.60 | 0.26 | 0.0007 | 0.960 | ↓ |
11-DTB2 | −1.75 | 0.39 | 0.0032 | 0.860 | ↓ |
8,9-EET | −1.56 | 0.48 | 0.0319 | 0.800 | ↓ |
AA | −1.35 | 0.47 | 0.0456 | 0.740 | ↓ |
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Xu, J.; Fu, C.; Sun, Y.; Wen, X.; Chen, C.-B.; Huang, C.; Ng, T.K.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, M. Untargeted and Oxylipin-Targeted Metabolomics Study on the Plasma Samples of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030307
Xu J, Fu C, Sun Y, Wen X, Chen C-B, Huang C, Ng TK, Liu Q, Zhang M. Untargeted and Oxylipin-Targeted Metabolomics Study on the Plasma Samples of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(3):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030307
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Jianming, Changzhen Fu, Yaru Sun, Xin Wen, Chong-Bo Chen, Chukai Huang, Tsz Kin Ng, Qingping Liu, and Mingzhi Zhang. 2024. "Untargeted and Oxylipin-Targeted Metabolomics Study on the Plasma Samples of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients" Biomolecules 14, no. 3: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14030307