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Article

Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Construction of a Novel Prognostic Model for Bladder Urothelial Cancer

by
Jiange Zhang
1,2,3,4,5,†,
Caisheng Huang
1,2,3,4,6,†,
Rirong Yang
2,3,4,7,8,
Xiang Wang
2,3,4,7,
Bo Fang
2,3,4,8,
Junhao Mi
2,3,4,8,
Hao Yuan
2,3,4,7,
Zengnan Mo
1,2,3,4,* and
Yihai Sun
6,*
1
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
2
Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
3
Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning 530021, China
4
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning 530021, China
5
Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
6
Department of Urology, The Nanning Second People’s Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, China
7
Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
8
Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomolecules 2022, 12(11), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111670
Submission received: 7 October 2022 / Revised: 6 November 2022 / Accepted: 8 November 2022 / Published: 11 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Bioinformatics and Systems Biology)
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) and immunity, to screen prognosis-related immune genes (PIGs), and to construct an immune-related prognosis model (IRPM). We processed the relevant data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BLCA) and GSE13507 using R software and Perl. We divided BLCA into high-immunity and low-immunity subtypes. There were significant differences in the two subtypes. In addition, we identified 13 PIGs of BLCA by jointly analyzing the gene expression data and survival information of GSE13507 and TCGA-BLCA, and constructed IRPM through nine of them. The low-risk group had better survival outcome than the high-risk group. We also constructed a nomogram based on clinicopathological information and risk scores of the patients. Moreover, the prognosis of BLCA patients was significantly impacted by the expression of almost every gene used to calculate the risk score. The result of real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that all the genes used to calculate the risk score were differentially expressed between BLCA and adjacent normal tissues, except PDGFRA. Our research provided potential targets for the treatment of BLCA and a reference for judging the prognosis of BLCA.
Keywords: bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA); prognosis; immunity; survival; immune-related prognosis model (IRPM) bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA); prognosis; immunity; survival; immune-related prognosis model (IRPM)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, J.; Huang, C.; Yang, R.; Wang, X.; Fang, B.; Mi, J.; Yuan, H.; Mo, Z.; Sun, Y. Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Construction of a Novel Prognostic Model for Bladder Urothelial Cancer. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 1670. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111670

AMA Style

Zhang J, Huang C, Yang R, Wang X, Fang B, Mi J, Yuan H, Mo Z, Sun Y. Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Construction of a Novel Prognostic Model for Bladder Urothelial Cancer. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(11):1670. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111670

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Jiange, Caisheng Huang, Rirong Yang, Xiang Wang, Bo Fang, Junhao Mi, Hao Yuan, Zengnan Mo, and Yihai Sun. 2022. "Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Construction of a Novel Prognostic Model for Bladder Urothelial Cancer" Biomolecules 12, no. 11: 1670. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111670

APA Style

Zhang, J., Huang, C., Yang, R., Wang, X., Fang, B., Mi, J., Yuan, H., Mo, Z., & Sun, Y. (2022). Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Construction of a Novel Prognostic Model for Bladder Urothelial Cancer. Biomolecules, 12(11), 1670. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12111670

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