Further Findings Concerning Endothelial Damage in COVID-19 Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Immunoassays
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WHO 3 | WHO 4 | WHO 5–7 | Kruskal–Wallis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 64 | 78 | 46 | - |
Females, N (%) | 48 (75) | 27 (35) a | 11 (24) a | - |
Age | 35.5 (29.0–52.3) | 55.5 (41.0–67.0) a | 57.5 (48.0–75.8) a | <0.0001 |
MCP-2 (pg/mL) | 133 (112–167) | 158 (123–206) | 172 (141–201) a | 0.001 |
P-selectin (ng/mL) | 82.3 (54.3–109) | 72.7 (58.3–100) | 64.5 (49.2–108) | n.s. |
E-selectin (ng/mL) | 23.6 (17.5–30.5) | 22.3 (19.0–32.4) | 25.4 (18.7–32.8) | n.s. |
Platelets (MN/mmc) | 231 (201–301) | 251 (206–361) | 224 (155–257) | n.s. |
Smokers, N (%) | 11 (17) | 13 (17) | 3 (7) b | - |
CAD, N (%) | 10 (16) | 5 (7) | 6 (13) | - |
Diabetes, N (%) | 9 (14) | 8 (10) | 12 (27) c | - |
CKD, N (%) | none | 5 (7) a | 9 (20) a | - |
WHO 3 (n = 18) | WHO 4 (n = 24) | WHO 5–7 (n = 10) | |
---|---|---|---|
MCP-2 (pg/mL) | |||
Basal | 142 (111–204) | 169 (122–263) | 151 (125–175) |
After 1 week | 132 (101–160) | 124 (96–158) | 105 (76.7–128) |
p-value a | 0.035 | <0.0001 | 0.017 |
P-selectin (ng/mL) | |||
Basal | 93.8 (66.7–124) | 98.9 (74.7–135) | 109 (74.6–192) |
After 1 week | 130 (95.1–171) | 102 (95.4–127) | 72.5 (57.4–165) |
p-value a | 0.003 | n.s. | n.s. |
E-selectin (ng/mL) | |||
Basal | 28.9 (22.6–40.7) | 23.8 (19.0–38.4) | 26.3 (20.0–30.0) |
After 1 week | 26.2 (21.9–36.5) | 24.1 (17.5–39.7) | 20.9 (13.8–25.1) |
p-value a | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Platelets (MN/mmc) | |||
Basal | 248 (193–292) | 263 (207–395) | 168 (119–259) |
After 1 week | 339 (251–446) | 319 (206–370) | 229 (155–273) |
p-value a | 0.003 | n.s. | n.s. |
MCP-2 (pg/mL) | P-Selectin (ng/mL) | E-Selectin (ng/mL) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs | p-Value | rs | p-Value | rs | p-Value | |
MCP-2 (pg/mL) | - | - | 0.183 | 0.012 | 0.271 | <0.0001 |
P-selectin (ng/mL) | 0.183 | 0.012 | - | - | 0.145 | 0.047 |
E-selectin (ng/mL) | 0.271 | <0.001 | 0.145 | 0.047 | - | - |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.065 | 0.377 | 0.278 | <0.0001 | 0.340 | <0.0001 |
IL-17A (pg/mL) | −0.099 | 0.330 | −0.077 | 0.452 | −0.051 | 0.616 |
IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.203 | 0.006 | 0.463 | <0.0001 | 0.347 | <0.0001 |
Neutrophils (N/mmc) | 0.004 | 0.954 | −0.012 | 0.867 | 0.046 | 0.527 |
Monocytes (N/mmc) | 0.113 | 0.121 | 0.082 | 0.262 | 0.099 | 0.178 |
Platelets (N/mmc) | −0.039 | 0.691 | 0.340 | <0.0001 | −0.157 | 0.108 |
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Gelzo, M.; Cacciapuoti, S.; Pinchera, B.; De Rosa, A.; Cernera, G.; Scialò, F.; Comegna, M.; Mormile, M.; Fabbrocini, G.; Parrella, R.; et al. Further Findings Concerning Endothelial Damage in COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091368
Gelzo M, Cacciapuoti S, Pinchera B, De Rosa A, Cernera G, Scialò F, Comegna M, Mormile M, Fabbrocini G, Parrella R, et al. Further Findings Concerning Endothelial Damage in COVID-19 Patients. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(9):1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091368
Chicago/Turabian StyleGelzo, Monica, Sara Cacciapuoti, Biagio Pinchera, Annunziata De Rosa, Gustavo Cernera, Filippo Scialò, Marika Comegna, Mauro Mormile, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Roberto Parrella, and et al. 2021. "Further Findings Concerning Endothelial Damage in COVID-19 Patients" Biomolecules 11, no. 9: 1368. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091368