Soluble Complement Component 1q Receptor 1 (sCD93) Is Associated with Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Study Protocol
2.2. Laboratory Tests
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics of Studied Kidney Transplant Recipients
3.2. The Associations between sCD93, Other Studied Inflammatory Markers and the Baseline Characteristics of Patients
3.3. The Associations between Studied Inflammatory Markers and Follow-Up Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Values |
---|---|
Mean age ± SD, years | 53 ± 13 |
Male sex, n (%) | 47 (60) |
Median time from transplantation (Q1; Q3), years | 8.0 (5.0; 15.0) |
Primary cause of kidney disease | |
Glomerular diseases, n (%) | 29 (37) |
Tubulointerstitial diseases, n (%) | 10 (13) |
Vascular diseases, n (%) | 3 (4) |
Cystic/congenital diseases, n (%) | 10 (13) |
Unknown, n (%) | 26 (33) |
First transplant, n (%) | 68 (87) |
Second transplant, n (%) | 10 (13) |
Deceased donor, n (%) | 77 (99) |
Induction therapy, n (%) | 8 (10) |
No data, n (%) | 23 (29) |
Median cold ischemia time (Q1; Q3), min | 1200 (840; 1500) |
No data, n (%) | 19 (24) |
Median warm ischemia time (Q1; Q3), min | 31 (26; 40) |
No data, n (%) | 19 (24) |
Median number of donor-recipient HLA mismatches (Q1; Q3) | 3 (3; 4) |
No data, n (%) | 52 (67) |
Median peak pretransplant PRA (Q1; Q3), % | 0 (0; 3) |
Maximum peak pretransplant PRA, % | 50 |
No data, n (%) | 52 (67) |
Median last pretransplant PRA (Q1; Q3), % | 0 (0; 0) |
Maximum last pretransplant PRA, % | 50 |
No data, n (%) | 52 (67) |
Delayed graft function, n (%) | 21 (27) |
No data, n (%) | 18 (23) |
Immunosuppressive therapy | |
glucocorticoids, n (%) | 75 (96) |
MMF or MPA, n (%) | 73 (94) |
tacrolimus, n (%) | 48 (62) |
cyclosporine, n (%) | 24 (31) |
mTOR inhibitor, n (%) | 7 (9) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 13 (17) |
Hypoglycemic agents | |
oral, n (%) | 10 (13) |
insulin, n (%) | 5 (6) |
Median daily diuresis (Q1; Q3), L | 2500 (2000; 3000) |
Mean BMI ± SD, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 4.9 |
Mean systolic pressure ± SD, mmHg | 133.9 ± 15.0 |
Mean diastolic pressure ± SD, mmHg | 83.8 ± 10.7 |
Laboratory Test | Results | Reference Range |
---|---|---|
Urine albumin, mg/L | 28.5 (7.0; 200.0) | <20 |
Urine albumin/creatinine ratio, mg/g | 39.3 (10.2; 222.1) | <30 |
Serum creatinine, µmol/L | 128 (92; 168) | F: 44–80; M: 62–106 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 47 (36; 71) | >60 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.2 ± 1.7 | F: 12.0–16.0; M: 14.0–18.0 |
White blood cell count, ×103/µL | 7.36 (5.85; 8.42) | 4.5–10.0 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.67 (1.22; 2.14) | <2.26 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.01 (4.41; 5.61) | 3.50–5.20 |
Glucose, mmol/L | 5.53 (5.15; 6.02) | 3.30–5.60 |
Serum albumin, g/L | 44 (42; 46) | 35–52 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 1.51 (1.00; 3.31) | <3.0 |
Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.061 (0.044; 0.095) | <0.5 |
Interleukin 6, pg/mL | 4.71 (2.51; 7.63) | <7.0 |
C3, g/L | 1.22 (1.10; 1.36) | 0.9–1.8 |
C4, g/L | 0.280 (0.236; 0.323) | 0.1–0.4 |
sCD93, ng/mL | 269 (227; 316) | 90–223 * |
Independent Variable | Simple Regression | Multiple Regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | |
log (interleukin 6) | −0.11 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | not included | |
log (C-reactive protein) | –0.14 ± 0.11 | 0.2 | not included | |
log (procalcitonin) | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.13 | not included | |
log (C3) | −0.08 ± 0.12 | 0.5 | not included | |
log (C4) | 0.07 ± 0.12 | 0.5 | not included | |
log (serum creatinine) | 0.61 ± 0.09 | <0.001 | not included | |
eGFR | −0.51 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | −0.47 ± 0.10 | <0.001 |
log (urine albumin) | 0.34 ± 0.11 | 0.002 | not included | |
log (urine ACR) | 0.37 ± 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.22 ± 0.11 | 0.040 |
Age | −0.18 ± 0.11 | 0.11 | −0.11 ± 0.10 | 0.3 |
log (time from transplantation) | 0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | 0.05 ± 0.09 | 0.6 |
Male sex | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.009 | 0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.043 |
Diabetes | −0.04 ± 0.11 | 0.8 | −0.04 ± 0.09 | 0.6 |
Second transplant | 0.25 ± 0.11 | 0.026 | 0.22 ± 0.09 | 0.019 |
Treatment with mTOR inhibitors | −0.27 ± 0.11 | 0.015 | −0.31 ± 0.09 | 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.028 | −0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.8 |
Whole model | not applicable | R2 = 0.55 | p < 0.001 |
Independent Variable | Simple Regression | Multiple Model 1 | Multiple Model 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | |
Baseline eGFR | 0.92 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.84 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | not included | |
log (urine ACR) | −0.37 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | −0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.038 | −0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.057 |
Total cholesterol | −0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.010 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.3 | −0.16 ± 0.10 | 0.10 |
log (triglycerides) | −0.28 ± 0.11 | 0.015 | −0.03 ± 0.05 | 0.6 | not included | |
log (interleukin 6) | −0.26 ± 0.11 | 0.022 | −0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.053 | −0.28 ± 0.12 | 0.019 |
log (procalcitonin) | −0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.010 | 0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.4 | −0.002 ± 0.12 | 1.0 |
log (sCD93) | −0.50 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | −0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.5 | −0.40 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
Age | −0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | −0.03 ± 0.05 | 0.5 | −0.17 ± 0.09 | 0.08 |
log (time from Tx) | −0.23 ± 0.11 | 0.047 | −0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.4 | −0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.19 |
Male sex | −0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | 0.7 | −0.11 ± 0.10 | 0.2 |
Diabetes | −0.16 ± 0.11 | 0.15 | −0.08 ± 0.05 | 0.09 | −0.13 ± 0.09 | 0.2 |
Whole model | not applicable | R2 = 0.93 | p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.50 | p < 0.001 |
Independent Variable | Simple Regression | Multiple Model 1 | Multiple Model 2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | β ± SE | p | |
Baseline eGFR | 0.91 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | not included | |
log (urine ACR) | −0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.002 | −0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.2 | −0.20 ± 0.10 | 0.050 |
Total cholesterol | −0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.005 | −0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.9 | −0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.035 |
log (triglycerides) | −0.26 ± 0.11 | 0.020 | −0.004 ± 0.05 | 0.9 | not included | |
log (interleukin 6) | −0.24 ± 0.11 | 0.033 | −0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.2 | −0.25 ± 0.12 | 0.040 |
log (procalcitonin) | −0.30 ± 0.11 | 0.007 | −0.001 ± 0.07 | 1.0 | −0.08 ± 0.12 | 0.7 |
log (sCD93) | −0.52 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | −0.06 ± 0.07 | 0.4 | −0.40 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
Age | −0.13 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | −0.004 ± 0.06 | 0.9 | −0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.14 |
log (time from Tx) | −0.24 ± 0.11 | 0.037 | −0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.2 | −0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.14 |
Male sex | −0.18 ± 0.11 | 0.13 | −0.02 ± 0.06 | 0.7 | −0.15 ± 0.10 | 0.13 |
Diabetes | −0.12 ± 0.11 | 0.3 | −0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.4 | −0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.3 |
Whole model | not applicable | R2 = 0.85 | p < 0.001 | R2 = 0.51 | p < 0.001 |
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Kielar, M.; Dumnicka, P.; Ignacak, E.; Będkowska-Prokop, A.; Gala-Błądzińska, A.; Maziarz, B.; Ceranowicz, P.; Kuśnierz-Cabala, B. Soluble Complement Component 1q Receptor 1 (sCD93) Is Associated with Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111623
Kielar M, Dumnicka P, Ignacak E, Będkowska-Prokop A, Gala-Błądzińska A, Maziarz B, Ceranowicz P, Kuśnierz-Cabala B. Soluble Complement Component 1q Receptor 1 (sCD93) Is Associated with Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(11):1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111623
Chicago/Turabian StyleKielar, Małgorzata, Paulina Dumnicka, Ewa Ignacak, Alina Będkowska-Prokop, Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska, Barbara Maziarz, Piotr Ceranowicz, and Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala. 2021. "Soluble Complement Component 1q Receptor 1 (sCD93) Is Associated with Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients" Biomolecules 11, no. 11: 1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111623