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Biomolecules
Volume 11
Issue 1
10.3390/biom11010002
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Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective

by
Goran Šimić
1,*,
Vana Vukić
1,
Janja Kopić
1,
Željka Krsnik
1 and
Patrick R. Hof
2
1
Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2021, 11(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010002
Received: 6 November 2020 / Revised: 18 December 2020 / Accepted: 20 December 2020 / Published: 22 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Section Molecular Medicine)
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Abstract

The neural crest hypothesis states that the phenotypic features of the domestication syndrome are due to a reduced number or disruption of neural crest cells (NCCs) migration, as these cells differentiate at their final destinations and proliferate into different tissues whose activity is reduced by domestication. Comparing the phenotypic characteristics of modern and prehistoric man, it is clear that during their recent evolutionary past, humans also went through a process of self-domestication with a simultaneous prolongation of the period of socialization. This has led to the development of social abilities and skills, especially language, as well as neoteny. Disorders of neural crest cell development and migration lead to many different conditions such as Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, DiGeorge and Treacher-Collins syndrome, for which the mechanisms are already relatively well-known. However, for others, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome and schizophrenia that have the characteristics of hyperdomestication, and autism spectrum disorders, and 7dupASD syndrome that have the characteristics of hypodomestication, much less is known. Thus, deciphering the biological determinants of disordered self-domestication has great potential for elucidating the normal and disturbed ontogenesis of humans, as well as for the understanding of evolution of mammals in general. View Full-Text
Keywords: chemoattractants; chemorepellents; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); extracellular matrix molecules; fibroblast growth factor (FGF); methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2); neural crest cells (NCCs); self-domestication; thyroid hormones; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) chemoattractants; chemorepellents; epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); extracellular matrix molecules; fibroblast growth factor (FGF); methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2); neural crest cells (NCCs); self-domestication; thyroid hormones; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
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MDPI and ACS Style

Šimić, G.; Vukić, V.; Kopić, J.; Krsnik, Ž.; Hof, P.R. Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010002

AMA Style

Šimić G, Vukić V, Kopić J, Krsnik Ž, Hof PR. Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Šimić, Goran, Vana Vukić, Janja Kopić, Željka Krsnik, and Patrick R. Hof. 2021. "Molecules, Mechanisms, and Disorders of Self-Domestication: Keys for Understanding Emotional and Social Communication from an Evolutionary Perspective" Biomolecules 11, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010002

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