Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. MTT Proliferation Assay
2.3. Genome Editing
2.4. Cloning
2.5. Lentiviral Transduction
2.6. Annexin V Staining and Flow Cytometry
2.7. Northern Blot
2.8. Western Blot
2.9. Next Generation mRNA Sequencing
2.10. Bioinformatic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. vtRNA1-1 Knock-Out Stimulates Starvation-Induced Apoptosis
3.2. mRNA Deep Sequencing Reveals a vtRNA1-1 Dependent Increase in Gene Expression of Cellular Signaling Activity
3.3. The Loss of vtRNA1-1 Stimulates PI3K/Akt Pathway Signaling
3.4. The ERK1/2 Cascade Initiation in Starvation-Induced HeLa Cells Is Increased upon vtRNA1-1 Knock-Out
3.5. Only 24 Nucleotides within the vtRNA1-1 Central Domain Are Sufficient to Maintain Apoptosis Resistance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bracher, L.; Ferro, I.; Pulido-Quetglas, C.; Ruepp, M.-D.; Johnson, R.; Polacek, N. Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040614
Bracher L, Ferro I, Pulido-Quetglas C, Ruepp M-D, Johnson R, Polacek N. Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(4):614. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040614
Chicago/Turabian StyleBracher, Lisamaria, Iolanda Ferro, Carlos Pulido-Quetglas, Marc-David Ruepp, Rory Johnson, and Norbert Polacek. 2020. "Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells" Biomolecules 10, no. 4: 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040614
APA StyleBracher, L., Ferro, I., Pulido-Quetglas, C., Ruepp, M.-D., Johnson, R., & Polacek, N. (2020). Human vtRNA1-1 Levels Modulate Signaling Pathways and Regulate Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. Biomolecules, 10(4), 614. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10040614