A Review of Axion Lasing in Astrophysics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Axion Masers
2.1. Maser Luminosity
2.2. Parametric Resonance
3. Lasing Axions as Particles
3.1. Spontaneous Emission
3.2. Stimulated Emission Rate Equations
3.3. A Simple Axion Cluster Model
3.4. Parameters and Conditions
3.5. Discussion
3.6. Application—Superradiant Clouds
3.7. Non-Spherical Cluster and Static Spacetime Modification
4. Comments
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
KSVZ | Kim, Shifman, Vainshtein, Zakharov |
DFSZ | Dine, Fischler, Srednicki, Zhitnitsky |
BH | black hole |
BLASTs | black hole lasers powered by axion superradiant instabilities |
pBHs | primordial black holes |
FRB | fast radio burst |
IGRB | isotropic gamma-ray background |
References
- Peccei, R.D.; Quinn, H.R. CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1977, 38, 1440–1443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weinberg, S. A New Light Boson? Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978, 40, 223–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barshay, S.; Faissner, H.; Rodenberg, R.; De Witt, H. Coherent Conversion of Very Light Pseudoscalar Bosons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1981, 46, 1361–1364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barroso, A.; Mukhopadhyay, N.C. Axions: To be or not to be? Phys. Lett. B 1981, 106, 91–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, J.E. Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1979, 43, 103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shifman, M.A.; Vainshtein, A.I.; Zakharov, V.I. Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions? Nucl. Phys. B 1980, 166, 493–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dine, M.; Fischler, W.; Srednicki, M. A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion. Phys. Lett. B 1981, 104, 199–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhitnitsky, A.R. On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 1980, 31, 260. (In Russian) [Google Scholar]
- di Cortona, G.G.; Hardy, E.; Vega, J.P.; Villadoro, G. The QCD axion, precisely. JHEP 2016, 2016, 34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, S.L.; Geng, C.Q.; Ni, W.T. Axion—Photon couplings in invisible axion models. Phys. Rev. D 1995, 52, 3132–3135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sikivie, P. Experimental Tests of the Invisible Axion. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1983, 51, 1415–1417, Erratum in Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 52, 695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, J.E. Light Pseudoscalars, Particle Physics and Cosmology. Phys. Rept. 1987, 150, 1–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raffelt, G.G. Astrophysical methods to constrain axions and other novel particle phenomena. Phys. Rept. 1990, 198, 1–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marsh, D.J.E. Axion Cosmology. Phys. Rept. 2016, 643, 1–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braaten, E.; Zhang, H. Colloquium: The physics of axion stars. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2019, 91, 041002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sikivie, P. Invisible Axion Search Methods. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2021, 93, 015004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kolb, E.W.; Tkachev, I.I. Axion miniclusters and Bose stars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1993, 71, 3051–3054. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kolb, E.W.; Tkachev, I.I. Nonlinear axion dynamics and formation of cosmological pseudosolitons. Phys. Rev. D 1994, 49, 5040–5051. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braaten, E.; Mohapatra, A.; Zhang, H. Dense Axion Stars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 117, 121801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tkachev, I.I. Coherent scalar field oscillations forming compact astrophysical objects. Sov. Astron. Lett. 1986, 12, 305–308. [Google Scholar]
- Kephart, T.W.; Weiler, T.J. Luminous axion clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1987, 58, 171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosa, J.G.; Kephart, T.W. Stimulated Axion Decay in Superradiant Clouds around Primordial Black Holes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018, 120, 231102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kibble, T.W.B. Topology of Cosmic Domains and Strings. J. Phys. A 1976, 9, 1387–1398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tkachev, I.I. An Axionic Laser in the Center of a Galaxy? Phys. Lett. B 1987, 191, 41–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sato, H. Cosmic Strings and Rotation Velocity of Spiral Galaxies. Mod. Phys. Lett. A 1986, 1, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silk, J.; Vilenkin, A. Cosmic Strings and Galaxy Formation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984, 53, 1700–1703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braaten, E.; Mohapatra, A.; Zhang, H. Emission of Photons and Relativistic Axions from Axion Stars. Phys. Rev. D 2017, 96, 031901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tkachev, I.I. Fast Radio Bursts and Axion Miniclusters. JETP Lett. 2015, 101, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guendelman, E.I. Localized Axion Photon States in a Strong Magnetic Field. Phys. Lett. B 2008, 662, 227–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Levkov, D.G.; Panin, A.G.; Tkachev, I.I. Radio-emission of axion stars. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 102, 023501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sikivie, P.; Yang, Q. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dark Matter Axions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 111301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Erken, O.; Sikivie, P.; Tam, H.; Yang, Q. Cosmic axion thermalization. Phys. Rev. D 2012, 85, 063520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hertzberg, M.P.; Schiappacasse, E.D. Dark Matter Axion Clump Resonance of Photons. JCAP 2018, 11, 004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schiappacasse, E.D.; Hertzberg, M.P. Analysis of Dark Matter Axion Clumps with Spherical Symmetry. JCAP 2018, 01, 037, Erratum in JCAP 2018, 03, E01. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hertzberg, M.P.; Schiappacasse, E.D. Scalar dark matter clumps with angular momentum. JCAP 2018, 08, 028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kephart, T.W.; Weiler, T.J. Stimulated radiation from axion cluster evolution. Phys. Rev. D 1995, 52, 3226–3238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kephart, T.W.; Weiler, T.J. A model of lasing axion clusters. Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 1999, 72, 54–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fridman, A.M.; Polyachenko, V.L. Physics of Gravitating Systems; Springer Science+Business Media: New York, NY, USA, 1984. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaplan, D.B. Opening the Axion Window. Nucl. Phys. B 1985, 260, 215–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brito, R.; Cardoso, V.; Pani, P. Superradiance: New Frontiers in Black Hole Physics; Lecture Notes in Physics; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; Volume 906, pp. 1–237. ISBN 978-3-319-18999-4/978-3-319-19000-6/978-3-030-46621-3/978-3-030-46622-0. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosa, J.G. Testing black hole superradiance with pulsar companions. Phys. Lett. B 2015, 749, 226–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosa, J.G. Superradiance in the sky. Phys. Rev. D 2017, 95, 064017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leite, L.C.S.; Dolan, S.R.; Crispino, L.C.B. Absorption of electromagnetic and gravitational waves by Kerr black holes. Phys. Lett. B 2017, 774, 130–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carr, B.J.; Hawking, S.W. Black holes in the early Universe. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 1974, 168, 399–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lorimer, D.R.; Bailes, M.; McLaughlin, M.A.; Narkevic, D.J.; Crawford, F. A bright millisecond radio burst of extragalactic origin. Science 2007, 318, 777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thornton, D.; Stappers, B.; Bailes, M.; Barsdell, B.R.; Bates, S.D.; Bhat, N.D.R.; Burgay, M.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Champion, D.J.; Coster, P.; et al. A Population of Fast Radio Bursts at Cosmological Distances. Science 2013, 341, 53–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Petroff, E.; Barr, E.D.; Jameson, A.; Keane, E.F.; Bailes, M.; Kramer, M.; Morello, V.; Tabbara, D.; van Straten, W. FRBCAT: The Fast Radio Burst Catalogue. Publ. Astron. Soc. Austral. 2016, 33, e045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spitler, L.G.; Scholz, P.; Hessels, J.W.T.; Bogdanov, S.; Brazier, A.; Camilo, F.; Chatterjee, S.; Cordes, J.M.; Crawford, F.; Deneva, J.; et al. A Repeating Fast Radio Burst. Nature 2016, 531, 202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chatterjee, S.; Law, C.J.; Wharton, R.S.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Hessels, J.W.T.; Bower, G.C.; Cordes, J.M.; Tendulkar, S.P.; Bassa, C.G.; Demorest, P.; et al. The direct localization of a fast radio burst and its host. Nature 2017, 541, 58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marcote, B.; Paragi, Z.; Hessels, J.W.T.; Keimpema, A.; van Langevelde, H.J.; Huang, Y.; Bassa, C.G.; Bogdanov, S.; Bower, G.C.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; et al. The Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102 as Seen on Milliarcsecond Angular Scales. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2017, 834, L8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tendulkar, S.P.; Bassa, C.; Cordes, J.M.; Bower, G.C.; Law, C.J.; Chatterjee, S.; Adams, E.A.K.; Bogdanov, S.; Burke-Spolaor, S.; Butler, B.J.; et al. The Host Galaxy and Redshift of the Repeating Fast Radio Burst FRB 121102. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2017, 834, L7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferraz, P.B.; Kephart, T.W.; Rosa, J.G. Superradiant pion clouds around primordial black holes. JCAP 2022, 07, 026. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spieksma, T.F.M.; Cannizzaro, E.; Ikeda, T.; Cardoso, V.; Chen, Y. Superradiance: Axionic couplings and plasma effects. Phys. Rev. D 2023, 108, 063013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, L.; Kephart, T.W. Photon directional profile from stimulated decay of axion clouds with arbitrary momentum distributions. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 101, 103033. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, L.; Kephart, T.W. Photon directional profile from stimulated decay of axion clouds with nonspherical axion spatial distributions. Phys. Rev. D 2020, 102, 096010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, L.; Huang, D.; Geng, C.Q. Effects of stimulated emission and superradiant growth of non-spherical axion cluster. arXiv 2023, arXiv:2311.01819. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, L.; Kephart, T.W. Stimulated radiation from axion cluster evolution in static spacetimes. JCAP 2021, 09, 034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chen, L.; Kephart, T.W. A Review of Axion Lasing in Astrophysics. Universe 2024, 10, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010024
Chen L, Kephart TW. A Review of Axion Lasing in Astrophysics. Universe. 2024; 10(1):24. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010024
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Liang, and Thomas W. Kephart. 2024. "A Review of Axion Lasing in Astrophysics" Universe 10, no. 1: 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010024