Polymorphisms −374 T/A and −429 T/C of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and Serum Levels of RAGE (sRAGE) Are Not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Blood Sampling and Analyses
2.4. Genomic DNA Isolation
2.5. AGER Genotyping Assay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis of the SNPs
3.2. Association of the Polymorphisms with MS
3.3. Genetic Risk Score and Haplotypes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Non-MS Group n = 80 Median (IQR) | Metabolic Syndrome Group n = 80 Median (IQR) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 34.50 (9.5) | 37.00 (10.0) | 0.008 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.87 (2.9) | 29.80 (5.0) | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.90 (7.2) | 100.75 (10.3) | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 109.00 (15.5) | 126.00 (18.0) | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.00 (10.0) | 79.50 (12.0) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.2) | 1.10 (0.2) | 0.249 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.00 (16.5) | 106.00 (13.5) | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 85.50 (48.5) | 208.00 (113.0) | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.00 (10.0) | 33.00 (7.0) | <0.001 |
sRAGE (pg/mL) | 1883.90 (955.5) | 1989.21 (1156.4) | 0.137 |
SNP | Alleles | Non-MS Group | MS Group | p | Genotypes | Non-MS Group | MS Group | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
−374 T/A | T | 122 | 76 | 115 | 73 | 0.48 | TT | 45 | 56 | 42 | 53 | 0.57 |
A | 38 | 24 | 43 | 27 | TA | 32 | 40 | 31 | 39 | |||
AA | 3 | 3.8 | 6 | 7.6 | ||||||||
−429 T/C | T | 141 | 88 | 146 | 91 | 0.36 | TT | 62 | 78 | 67 | 84 | 0.59 |
C | 19 | 12 | 14 | 8.8 | TC | 17 | 21 | 12 | 15 | |||
CC | 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 1.3 |
Non-MS Group | MS Group | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | TA | AA | p | TT | TA | AA | p | |||||||
n = 45 | n = 32 | n = 3 | n = 42 | n = 31 | n = 6 | |||||||||
Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | |||
Age (years) | 33.00 | (9.00) | 36.50 | (10.50) | 33.00 | (16.0) | 0.66 | 37.00 | (10.00) | 39.00 | (9.00) | 36.00 | (5.00) | 0.74 |
WC (cm) | 84.50 | (9.40) | 85.10 | (6.00) | 87.50 | (17.1) | 0.64 | 100.50 | (12.30) | 101.10 | (11.50) | 98.75 | (5.50) | 0.67 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.86 | (3.50) | 23.87 | (2.80) | 25.22 | (5.2) | 0.56 | 29.27 | (5.20) | 30.10 | (5.60) | 29.32 | (2.30) | 0.84 |
SBP (mg/dL) | 110.00 | (19.00) | 107.50 | (13.00) | 99.67 | (27.0) | 0.22 | 125.00 | (19.00) | 132.00 | (20.00) | 124.50 | (4.00) | 0.52 |
DBP (mg/dL) | 73.00 | (14.00) | 71.50 | (7.50) | 65.00 | (4.0) | 0.008 a | 79.00 | (14.00) | 84.00 | (10.00) | 75.00 | (12.00) | 0.24 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.00 | (12.00) | 83.00 | (14.00) | 94.00 | (16.0) | 0.01 b | 107.00 | (14.00) | 105.00 | (10.00) | 107.00 | (17.00) | 0.88 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 | (0.20) | 1.05 | (0.20) | 1.00 | (0.3) | 0.43 | 1.05 | (0.20) | 1.10 | (0.30) | 1.15 | (0.60) | 0.57 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 93.00 | (50.00) | 82.50 | (46.00) | 64.00 | (70.0) | 0.34 | 203.00 c | (88.00) | 228.00 | (162.00) | 170.50 | (28.00) | 0.16 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.00 | (11.00) | 46.00 | (10.50) | 51.00 | (15.0) | 0.22 | 32.00 | (6.00) | 34.00 | (7.00) | 32.00 | (6.00) | 0.13 |
sRAGE (pg/mL) | 1919.48 d | (1020.60) | 1694.63 | (895.60) | 2645.47 | (1809) | 0.48 | 1989.21 | (1311.00) | 2222.37 | (1240.60) | 1924.14 | (1020.20) | 0.67 |
Non-MS Group | MS Group | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | TC | p | TT | TC | p | |||||
n = 62 | n = 17 | n = 67 | n = 12 | |||||||
Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | Median | (IQR) | |||
Age (years) | 33.00 | (8.00) | 38.00 | (10.00) | 0.06 | 37.00 | (10.00) | 40.00 | (10.00) | 0.77 |
WC (cm) | 84.75 | (7.10) | 86.30 | (7.10) | 0.25 | 101.00 | (10.50) | 101.50 | (11.40) | 0.35 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.87 | (2.80) | 23.49 | (2.60) | 0.53 | 29.45 | (5.00) | 32.41 | (5.60) | 0.08 |
SBP (mg/dL) | 109.00 | (16.00) | 110.00 | (15.00) | 0.75 | 129.00 | (17.00) | 120.50 | (14.50) | 0.19 |
DBP (mg/dL) | 73.00 | (11.00) | 71.00 | (6.00) | 0.70 | 80.00 | (12.00) | 80.00 | (9.50) | 0.82 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 87.50 | (16.00) | 91.00 | (14.00) | 0.52 | 105.00 | (14.00) | 111.50 | (14.00) | 0.02 a |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 | (0.20) | 1.00 | (0.20) | 0.42 | 1.10 | (0.20) | 1.10 | (0.20) | 0.36 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 89.50 | (50.00) | 80.00 | (40.00) | 0.90 | 203.00 | (115.00) | 210.00 b | (63.00) | 0.84 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47.00 | (11.00) | 49.00 | (12.00) | 0.63 | 33.00 | (6.00) | 30.50 | (10.00) | 0.17 |
sRAGE (pg/mL) | 1859.43 c | (999.80) | 1919.48 | (767.10) | 0.80 | 2013.04 | (1278.00) | 1805.00 | (695.10) | 0.35 |
Haplotype | Frequency | Ratios MS, Non-MS | X2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
TT | 0.642 | 102.4:57.6, 103.0:57.0 | 0.004 | 0.95 |
AT | 0.255 | 43.6:116.4, 38.0:122.0 | 0.51 | 0.48 |
TC | 0.103 | 14.0:146.0, 19.0:141.0 | 0.845 | 0.36 |
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González-Guerrero, D.E.; Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy, M.-L.; Gómez-Ojeda, A.; Luévano-Contreras, C.; Rojas-Rubio, A.; Garay-Sevilla, M.E. Polymorphisms −374 T/A and −429 T/C of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and Serum Levels of RAGE (sRAGE) Are Not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023, 13, 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040521
González-Guerrero DE, Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy M-L, Gómez-Ojeda A, Luévano-Contreras C, Rojas-Rubio A, Garay-Sevilla ME. Polymorphisms −374 T/A and −429 T/C of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and Serum Levels of RAGE (sRAGE) Are Not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites. 2023; 13(4):521. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040521
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Guerrero, Diana Elizabeth, Maria-Luisa Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy, Armando Gómez-Ojeda, Claudia Luévano-Contreras, Armando Rojas-Rubio, and Ma. Eugenia Garay-Sevilla. 2023. "Polymorphisms −374 T/A and −429 T/C of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) and Serum Levels of RAGE (sRAGE) Are Not Associated with Metabolic Syndrome" Metabolites 13, no. 4: 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040521