Association of Metabolomic Biomarkers with Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Clinical Cohort
- Body mass index (BMI)
- ○
- 40 kg/m2 or above;
- ○
- Or 35 to <40 kg/m2 with an obesity-related comorbidity, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, or obstructive sleep apnea [19].
- Age 18–70 years old.
- Enrolled in the health system’s multidisciplinary bariatric surgery program.
- Inability to comply with regular post-operative follow-up visits,
- Pregnancy, and
- Any medical or psychiatric condition which in the opinion of the investigator makes the patient unlikely to be able to properly participate in this study.
2.2. Measures and Samples
2.3. Metabolomic Analyses
2.3.1. 1H NMR Analysis Sample Preparation
Fecal Samples
Serum Samples
1H NMR Data Acquisition
2.3.2. DI-LC/MS/MS Sample Preparation and Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.4.1. Univariate Analysis
2.4.2. Machine Learning Models
2.5. Metabolic Set-Enrichment Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Serum Metabolomics
3.2. Fecal Metabolomics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cohort (N = 45) | T3 (n = 15) | T1 (n = 15) | p-Value (T3 vs. T1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 48.2 ± 11.5 | 47.3 ± 12.1 | 51.0 ± 9.4 | 0.35 |
Weight (kg) | 125.7 ± 20.6 | 123.8 ± 25.1 | 130.6 ± 18.7 | 0.38 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 45.3 ± 7.3 | 42.0 ± 5.4 | 48.8 ± 8.7 | 0.02 |
Gender (female) | 89% | 73% | 100% | 0.10 |
Race | ||||
- White | 60% | 73% | 60% | 0.43 |
- Black | 36% | 20% | 40% | |
- Two races | 2% | 7% | 0% | |
- Native American | 2% | 0% | 0% | |
Diabetes | 29% | 13% | 40% | 0.22 |
Dyslipidemia | 56% | 53% | 47% | 0.72 |
Hypertension | 64% | 53% | 80% | 0.12 |
Tertile 1 (T1) | Tertile 2 (T2) | Tertile 3 (T3) |
---|---|---|
Hydroxybutyric acid | Hydroxybutyric acid | Acetone |
Citric acid | Acetoacetate | Hydroxybutyric acid |
Acetone | Citric acid | Acetoacetate |
Acetoacetate | Acetone | Citric acid |
Tertile 1 (T1) | Tertile 2 (T2) | Tertile 3 (T3) |
---|---|---|
Phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C40:1) | Phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C40:1) | Phosphatidylcholine (PC aa C40:1) |
Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1-OH) | Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1-OH) | Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitine (C18:1-OH) |
Glycerophospholipid (PC aa C36:0) | Glycerophospholipid (PC aa C36:0) | Glycerophospholipid (PC aa C36:0) |
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Miller, W.M.; Ziegler, K.M.; Yilmaz, A.; Saiyed, N.; Ustun, I.; Akyol, S.; Idler, J.; Sims, M.D.; Maddens, M.E.; Graham, S.F. Association of Metabolomic Biomarkers with Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Outcomes. Metabolites 2023, 13, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040506
Miller WM, Ziegler KM, Yilmaz A, Saiyed N, Ustun I, Akyol S, Idler J, Sims MD, Maddens ME, Graham SF. Association of Metabolomic Biomarkers with Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Outcomes. Metabolites. 2023; 13(4):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040506
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiller, Wendy M., Kathryn M. Ziegler, Ali Yilmaz, Nazia Saiyed, Ilyas Ustun, Sumeyya Akyol, Jay Idler, Matthew D. Sims, Michael E. Maddens, and Stewart F. Graham. 2023. "Association of Metabolomic Biomarkers with Sleeve Gastrectomy Weight Loss Outcomes" Metabolites 13, no. 4: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13040506