Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Higher Expression of Cholesterol Synthesis Genes in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
2.2. Sterol Alterations in Human Pancreatic Tumors
2.3. An Elevated Level of Serum Cholesterol in Human Pancreatic Cancer
2.4. Sterol Upregulation in Different Mouse Models of PDAC
2.5. Sterol Levels from In Vitro Models of PC
2.6. Patient Survival Is Dependent on Cholesterol Metabolism-Associated Genes in PC
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Mice and Ethics Statement
4.3. Plasma and Pancreatic Tissue Preparation
4.4. Cell Culture and Preparation
4.5. Metabolite Extraction from Cell Lines
4.6. LC–MS/MS (SRM) Analyses
4.7. Gene Expression and Survival Analyses
4.8. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gunda, V.; Genaro-Mattos, T.C.; Kaushal, J.B.; Chirravuri-Venkata, R.; Natarajan, G.; Mallya, K.; Grandgenett, P.M.; Mirnics, K.; Batra, S.K.; Korade, Z.; et al. Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Metabolites 2022, 12, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010047
Gunda V, Genaro-Mattos TC, Kaushal JB, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Natarajan G, Mallya K, Grandgenett PM, Mirnics K, Batra SK, Korade Z, et al. Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Metabolites. 2022; 12(1):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010047
Chicago/Turabian StyleGunda, Venugopal, Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos, Jyoti B. Kaushal, Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Kavita Mallya, Paul M. Grandgenett, Karoly Mirnics, Surinder K. Batra, Zeljka Korade, and et al. 2022. "Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma" Metabolites 12, no. 1: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010047