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Metabolites
Volume 11
Issue 11
10.3390/metabo11110797
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Article

A Core Metabolome Response of Maize Leaves Subjected to Long-Duration Abiotic Stresses

by
Jaya Joshi
1,
Ghulam Hasnain
2,
Taylor Logue
1,
Madeline Lynch
1,
Shan Wu
1,
Jiahn-Chou Guan
1,
Saleh Alseekh
3,4,
Alisdair R. Fernie
3,4,
Andrew D. Hanson
1 and
Donald R. McCarty
1,*
1
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
2
Department of Biology, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, GA 30566, USA
3
Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
4
Center for Plant Systems Biology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Jean Rivoal and Jacquie Bede
Metabolites 2021, 11(11), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110797
Received: 21 September 2021 / Revised: 17 November 2021 / Accepted: 18 November 2021 / Published: 22 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolic Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
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Abstract

Abiotic stresses reduce crop growth and yield in part by disrupting metabolic homeostasis and triggering responses that change the metabolome. Experiments designed to understand the mechanisms underlying these metabolomic responses have usually not used agriculturally relevant stress regimes. We therefore subjected maize plants to drought, salt, or heat stresses that mimic field conditions and analyzed leaf responses at metabolome and transcriptome levels. Shared features of stress metabolomes included synthesis of raffinose, a compatible solute implicated in tolerance to dehydration. In addition, a marked accumulation of amino acids including proline, arginine, and γ-aminobutyrate combined with depletion of key glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicated a shift in balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in stressed leaves. Involvement of the γ-aminobutyrate shunt in this process is consistent with its previously proposed role as a workaround for stress-induced thiamin-deficiency. Although convergent metabolome shifts were correlated with gene expression changes in affected pathways, patterns of differential gene regulation induced by the three stresses indicated distinct signaling mechanisms highlighting the plasticity of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stress. View Full-Text
Keywords: drought; salinity; heat stress; metabolomics; RNA-seq drought; salinity; heat stress; metabolomics; RNA-seq
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MDPI and ACS Style

Joshi, J.; Hasnain, G.; Logue, T.; Lynch, M.; Wu, S.; Guan, J.-C.; Alseekh, S.; Fernie, A.R.; Hanson, A.D.; McCarty, D.R. A Core Metabolome Response of Maize Leaves Subjected to Long-Duration Abiotic Stresses. Metabolites 2021, 11, 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110797

AMA Style

Joshi J, Hasnain G, Logue T, Lynch M, Wu S, Guan J-C, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Hanson AD, McCarty DR. A Core Metabolome Response of Maize Leaves Subjected to Long-Duration Abiotic Stresses. Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):797. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110797

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joshi, Jaya, Ghulam Hasnain, Taylor Logue, Madeline Lynch, Shan Wu, Jiahn-Chou Guan, Saleh Alseekh, Alisdair R. Fernie, Andrew D. Hanson, and Donald R. McCarty. 2021. "A Core Metabolome Response of Maize Leaves Subjected to Long-Duration Abiotic Stresses" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 797. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110797

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