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Volume 93
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Advancements in Encapsulation Technologies: The Potential of Polyphenols as an Antidiabetic Therapy

by
Rigoberto Cabanillas-Ponce de León
1,
Feliznando Isidro Cardenas-Torres
2,
Noe Ontiveros
3,
Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo
1,
Cristina Alicia Elisande-Romero
4,
Nayely Leyva-López
5,
Manuel de Jesús Bernal-Millán
1,
Jose Basilio Heredia
1 and
Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
6,*
1
Laboratory of Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a El Dorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
2
Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
3
Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos e Investigación (LACIUS, U.N), Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencia Biológicas y de Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Mexico
4
Unidad Regional Culiacán, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Blvd. Lola Beltrán y Blvd. Rolando Arjona, 4 de Marzo, Culiacán 80020, Mexico
5
Posdoc SECIHTI-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a El Dorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
6
Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México SECIHTI-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a El Dorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sci. Pharm. 2025, 93(4), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93040055
Submission received: 16 September 2025 / Revised: 19 October 2025 / Accepted: 24 October 2025 / Published: 28 October 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects over 537 million people worldwide and results in 6.7 million deaths annually. Conventional treatment of this disease focuses on lifestyle changes and drug administration. However, very few people can adhere to a healthier lifestyle, and drugs are difficult to access, especially in low- and middle-income countries. An alternative as an adjuvant to the treatment of DM is the phenolic compounds from plants with reported anti-diabetic effects. However, the bioavailability of these compounds is very low since they are affected by the gastrointestinal tract and xenobiotic metabolism. To improve the availability of these compounds, an emerging technology such as encapsulation is being used since it has been reported that the encapsulation of phenolic compounds improves both their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, as well as their bioactivity. In this review, we will focus on compiling the most up-to-date information on the different encapsulation processes of phenolic compounds and the antidiabetic effect of encapsulated phenolic compounds using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We will discuss the mechanisms, pathways, and receptors involved in the modulation of DM, especially those related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance.
Keywords: antidiabetic; diabetes mellitus; encapsulated; insulin resistance; microencapsulated; polyphenols antidiabetic; diabetes mellitus; encapsulated; insulin resistance; microencapsulated; polyphenols

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cabanillas-Ponce de León, R.; Cardenas-Torres, F.I.; Ontiveros, N.; Contreras-Angulo, L.A.; Elisande-Romero, C.A.; Leyva-López, N.; Bernal-Millán, M.d.J.; Heredia, J.B.; Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E.P. Advancements in Encapsulation Technologies: The Potential of Polyphenols as an Antidiabetic Therapy. Sci. Pharm. 2025, 93, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93040055

AMA Style

Cabanillas-Ponce de León R, Cardenas-Torres FI, Ontiveros N, Contreras-Angulo LA, Elisande-Romero CA, Leyva-López N, Bernal-Millán MdJ, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Advancements in Encapsulation Technologies: The Potential of Polyphenols as an Antidiabetic Therapy. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2025; 93(4):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93040055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cabanillas-Ponce de León, Rigoberto, Feliznando Isidro Cardenas-Torres, Noe Ontiveros, Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo, Cristina Alicia Elisande-Romero, Nayely Leyva-López, Manuel de Jesús Bernal-Millán, Jose Basilio Heredia, and Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva. 2025. "Advancements in Encapsulation Technologies: The Potential of Polyphenols as an Antidiabetic Therapy" Scientia Pharmaceutica 93, no. 4: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93040055

APA Style

Cabanillas-Ponce de León, R., Cardenas-Torres, F. I., Ontiveros, N., Contreras-Angulo, L. A., Elisande-Romero, C. A., Leyva-López, N., Bernal-Millán, M. d. J., Heredia, J. B., & Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E. P. (2025). Advancements in Encapsulation Technologies: The Potential of Polyphenols as an Antidiabetic Therapy. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 93(4), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm93040055

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