Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Liquid Crystal Systems for Cervical Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Curcumin-Loaded LC Preparation
2.2. Physiochemical Evaluation of the LC System
2.2.1. Organoleptic Characteristic
2.2.2. Determination of pH
2.2.3. Encapsulation Efficiency (EE)
2.2.4. Particle Size Determination
2.3. FTIR and ATR–FTIR Analysis
2.4. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM)
2.5. Dissolution Study
2.6. Stability Studies
2.7. Cytotoxicity of Curcumin, Liquid Crystal System, and Curcumin-Loaded Liquid Crystal System in HeLa Cells
2.7.1. MTT Assay
2.7.2. Determination of Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) of Curcumin in HeLa Cells
2.7.3. Determination of the Safety Profile of the LC Preparations
2.7.4. Determination of the Efficacy of the Curcumin Liquid Crystal Preparations
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Selection of a Suitable Surfactant for the Liquid Crystal System
3.2. Physiochemical evaluation of the LC system
3.3. FTIR/ATR–FTIR Analysis
3.4. ESEM
3.5. Dissolution Study
3.6. Stability Studies
3.7. Cytotoxicity of Curcumin, Liquid Crystal System, and Curcumin-Loaded Liquid Crystal System
4. Discussion
4.1. Organoleptic Properties of Liquid Crystal Formulations
4.2. pH Measurement
4.3. Encapsulation Efficiency
4.4. Particle Size, zeta Potential, and Polydispersity Index
4.5. FTIR
4.6. ESEM
4.7. Dissolution Study
4.8. Kinetic Analysis of In Vitro Dissolution Study
4.9. Stability Studies
4.10. Determination of IC50 of Curcumin in HeLa Cells
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulation Code | Curcumin: Tween 80 (%) | Colour | Odour | pH | Encapsulation Efficiency (%) ± SD | Vesicle Size (nm) ± SD | Polydispersity (PDI) Index | Zeta Potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.5:40 | Brown | Oil-like | 3.91 | 91.02 ± 1.69 | 8.01 ± 0.85 | 0.158 ± 0.07 | −28.2 ± 1.42 |
A2 | 1.0:40 | Brown | Oil-like | 4.13 | 92.31 ± 2.36 | 10.31± 1.81 | 0.102 ± 0.04 | −23.4 ± 2.27 |
A3 | 5.0:40 | Yellowish brown | Oil-like | 4.24 | 81.58 ± 1.57 | 11.01 ± 1.30 | 0.441 ± 0.12 | −18.1 ± 1.47 |
B1 | 0.5:60 | Brown | Oil-like | 4.18 | 88.01 ± 2.80 | 6.12 ± 0.67 | 0.461 ± 0.17 | −19.5 ± 1.89 |
B2 | 1.0:60 | Brown | Oil-like | 4.07 | 93.26 ± 3.05 | 7.56 ± 1.21 | 0.254 ± 0.09 | −22.5 ± 1.43 |
B3 | 5.0:60 | Yellowish brown | Oil-like | 4.39 | 80.36 ± 2.46 | 12.97 ± 1.12 | 0.458 ± 0.13 | −16.8 ± 1.22 |
Formulation Code | Zero Order | First Order | Higuchi Model | Korsmeyer–Peppas | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ko (h−1) | r2 | K1 (h−1) | r2 | KH (h−1/2) | r2 | KKP (h−n) | r2 | n | |
A1 | 4.6318 | 0.9734 | −0.0335 | 0.9897 | 30.7499 | 0.9448 | 0.2087 | 0.9950 | 0.46 |
A2 | 5.6309 | 0.9275 | −0.0540 | 0.9734 | 28.3905 | 0.9323 | 0.3088 | 0.9902 | 0.42 |
B1 | 5.7982 | 0.9923 | −0.0545 | 0.9867 | 32.7567 | 0.9528 | 0.2913 | 0.9793 | 0.41 |
B2 | 7.4150 | 0.9943 | −0.1002 | 0.9485 | 32.6238 | 0.9547 | 0.3379 | 0.9819 | 0.44 |
Formulation Code | Period | Drug Content (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
5 ± 2 °C | 25 ± 0.5 °C | 45 ± 0.5 °C | ||
A1 | Initial | 91.02 ± 1.69 | 91.02 ± 1.69 | 91.02 ± 1.69 |
After 3 months | 88.01 ± 1.11 | 87.57 ± 1.87 | 85.02 ± 2.35 | |
A2 | Initial | 92.31 ± 2.36 | 92.31 ± 2.36 | 92.31 ± 2.36 |
After 3 months | 89.41 ± 2.06 | 87.23 ± 1.36 | 85.87 ± 1.57 | |
B1 | Initial | 88.01 ± 2.80 | 88.01 ± 2.80 | 88.01 ± 2.80 |
After 3 months | 86.98 ± 1.40 | 84.08 ± 2.94 | 82.14 ± 13.57 | |
B2 | Initial | 93.26 ± 3.05 | 93.26 ± 3.05 | 93.26 ± 3.05 |
After 3 months | 91.23 ± 2.10 | 89.02 ±2.23 | 85.52 ± 3.67 |
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R David, S.; Akmar Binti Anwar, N.; Yian, K.R.; Mai, C.-W.; Das, S.K.; Rajabalaya, R. Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Liquid Crystal Systems for Cervical Cancer. Sci. Pharm. 2020, 88, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88010015
R David S, Akmar Binti Anwar N, Yian KR, Mai C-W, Das SK, Rajabalaya R. Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Liquid Crystal Systems for Cervical Cancer. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2020; 88(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88010015
Chicago/Turabian StyleR David, Sheba, Nurul Akmar Binti Anwar, Koh Rhun Yian, Chun-Wai Mai, Sanjoy Kumar Das, and Rajan Rajabalaya. 2020. "Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Liquid Crystal Systems for Cervical Cancer" Scientia Pharmaceutica 88, no. 1: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88010015