Human Capital and Open Innovation: Do Social Media Networking and Knowledge Sharing Matter?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development
2.1.1. The Open Innovation of Young Entrepreneurs’ Context in Indonesia
2.1.2. The Effect of Human Capital on Knowledge Sharing
2.1.3. The Effect of Human Capital on Social Media Networking
2.1.4. The Effect of Human Capital on Open Innovation
2.1.5. The Effect of Social Media Networking on Open Innovation
2.1.6. The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Open Innovation
2.1.7. Mediating Effects
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Data Collection and Sample
- Micro-enterprises include: (1) have maximum net assets around USD 3369.55, excluding land and buildings; (2) have sales/year around USD 20,217.27;
- Small enterprises: (1) net assets owned between USD 3369.55–33,695.45, excluding land and buildings (2) sales/year of USD 20,217.27–168,477.25;
- Medium-sized enterprise: (1) net assets between USD 33,695.45–673,909.00, excluding land and building for business; (2) sales revenue/year is USD 168,477.25–3369,545.00.
2.2.2. Measures
Human Capital
Innovation
Social Media Networking
Knowledge Sharing
3. Results
3.1. Goodness of Measures
3.2. Path Analysis Result
4. Discussion
4.1. The Direct Effect of Human Capital, Knowledge Sharing, and Social Media Networking on Open Innovation
4.2. The Role of Social Media Networking and Knowledge Sharing in Mediating the Influence of Human Capital on Open Innovation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Respondents | Measure | Total of Respondents | |
---|---|---|---|
n | % | ||
Gender | Male | 195 | 44.5 |
Female | 243 | 55.5 | |
Age of SMEs | <2 years | 143 | 32.6 |
2–5 years | 272 | 62.1 | |
>5 years | 23 | 5.3 | |
Criteria | Micro | 233 | 53.2 |
Small | 158 | 36.1 | |
Medium | 47 | 10.7 | |
Types of Business | Food | 140 | 32.0 |
Craft | 21 | 4.8 | |
Fashion | 107 | 24.4 | |
Service | 144 | 32.9 |
Constructs and Item | Factors Loading | AVE | CR |
---|---|---|---|
Innovations (INO) | 0.533 | 0.887 | |
INO1 How often do companies introduce innovative products/services to customers? | 0.617 | ||
INO2 How often do companies teach methods of product processing innovation to employees? | 0.78 | ||
INO3 How often does the company make organizational innovations/changes? | 0.714 | ||
INO4 How often do companies make changes in product packaging innovation design? | 0.731 | ||
INO5 How often do companies make innovations in marketing? | 0.695 | ||
Human capital (HC) | 0.536 | 0.893 | |
HC1 My company provides funds for training | 0.449 | ||
HC2 How often does the company provide training for employees | 0.476 | ||
HC3 The skills of my employees in carrying out work | 0.875 | ||
HC4 How big is employees’ loyalty to the company? | 0.905 | ||
HC6 How big is employees’ motivation at work? | 0.815 | ||
Knowledge Sharing (KS) | 0.547 | 0.890 | |
KS1 How often do you share knowledge through social media? | 0.843 | ||
KS2 How often do you spend time contributing to knowledge-sharing activities on social media? | 0.876 | ||
KS4 How often do you talk about anything on social media | 0.738 | ||
KS5 How often do you get new knowledge from the results of discussions through social media? | 0.706 | ||
Social Media Networking (SMN) | 0.636 | 0.925 | |
SMN1 How many business relations are connected through social media? | 0.756 | ||
SMN2 How often do companies establish communication with business partners through social media? | 0.801 | ||
SMN3 How often do companies exchange information in relations on product development through social media? | 0.819 | ||
SMN4 How often does a company’s collogue contribute to business decision-making through social media? | 0.722 |
Min | Max | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 25 | 15.21 | 4.705 | ||||
| 4 | 20 | 14.49 | 3.512 | 0.339 ** | |||
| 4 | 20 | 13.79 | 3.455 | 0.435 ** | 0.618 ** | ||
| 5 | 25 | 15.33 | 4.121 | 0.498 ** | 0.519 ** | 0.587 ** |
Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | p | Hypothesis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KS | ← | HC | 0.184 | 0.037 | 4.964 | *** | H1 | |
SMN | ← | HC | 0.330 | 0.049 | 6.788 | *** | H2 | |
INO | ← | KS | 0.346 | 0.080 | 4.328 | *** | H5 | |
INO | ← | SMN | 0.402 | 0.067 | 5.966 | *** | H4 | |
INO | ← | HC | 0.314 | 0.056 | 5.632 | *** | H3 | |
Fit index | Recommended level of fit | Model | ||||||
χ2/df | <3.00 | 252,785 | ||||||
Probability | >0.05 | 0.000 | ||||||
RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.090 | ||||||
CFI | >0.90 | 0.935 | ||||||
GFI | >0.90 | 0.917 | ||||||
TLI | >0.90 | 0.914 | ||||||
NFI | ~1.00 | 0.917 |
Path | Indirect Effect | Lower | Upper | Probability | Hypothesis | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HC→KS→INO | 0.064 | 0.025 | 0.121 | 0.001 | H6 | Partial Mediation |
HC→SMN→INO | 0.126 | 0.066 | 0.211 | 0.001 | H7 | Partial Mediation |
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Latifah, L.; Setiawan, D.; Aryani, Y.A.; Sadalia, I.; Al Arif, M.N.R. Human Capital and Open Innovation: Do Social Media Networking and Knowledge Sharing Matter? J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2022, 8, 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030116
Latifah L, Setiawan D, Aryani YA, Sadalia I, Al Arif MNR. Human Capital and Open Innovation: Do Social Media Networking and Knowledge Sharing Matter? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2022; 8(3):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030116
Chicago/Turabian StyleLatifah, Lyna, Doddy Setiawan, Y. Anni Aryani, Isfenti Sadalia, and Mohammad Nur Rianto Al Arif. 2022. "Human Capital and Open Innovation: Do Social Media Networking and Knowledge Sharing Matter?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3: 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030116