Wintering Habitat Use Pattern of Red-Crowned Cranes in the Korean Demilitarized Zone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Areas and Methods
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. Habitat Estimation
2.2.1. Determination of Available Habitats
2.2.2. Determination of Used Habitats
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics
Appendix A
Habitat Category | Explanation |
---|---|
deciduous forests | natural (or artificial) deciduous forests > 75% of total areas |
Mixed forests | mixed forests of deciduous and coniferous |
Coniferous forests | natural (or artificial) coniferous forests > 75% of total areas |
Streams | inland streams |
Rice fields, agricultural areas | rice fields, agricultural areas |
wetlands | areas with permanent water, tidal flats |
Open areas | denuded areas with mines, roads |
Grasslands | grasslands |
roads, housing areas | residential areas or industrial areas |
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Crane Number | Year | Location | Number of Data Points |
---|---|---|---|
20,848 | 1993 | Paju | 115 |
20,267 | 1993 | Cheolwon | 47 |
20,266 | 1993 | Cheolwon | 52 |
20,265 | 1993 | Cheolwon | 70 |
20,263 | 1993 | Cheolwon | 67 |
3623 | 1994 | Cheolwon | 18 |
Total | 6 | 369 |
Habitat Category | Daytime Data Points | % of Each Habitat | Nighttime Data Points | % of Each Habitat |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deciduous forests | 13 | 7.69 | 1 | 1.18 |
Mixed forests | 42 | 24.85 | 44 | 51.76 |
Coniferous forests | 1 | 0.59 | 1 | 1.18 |
Streams | 6 | 3.55 | 2 | 2.35 |
Rice fields, agricultural areas | 86 | 50.89 | 22 | 25.88 |
Wetlands | - | 0.00 | - | 0.00 |
Open areas | 1 | 0.59 | - | 0.00 |
Grasslands | 16 | 9.47 | 15 | 17.65 |
Roads and housing areas | 4 | 2.37 | - | 0.00 |
Total | 169 | 100.00 | 85 | 100.00 |
Habitat Category | Nighttime | % Crane Used | Size of Each Habitat (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Deciduous forests | 2 | 1.74 | 5.90 |
Mixed forests | 5 | 4.35 | 12.41 |
Coniferous forests | 7 | 6.09 | 4.76 |
Streams | 5 | 4.35 | 9.61 |
Rice fields, Agricultural areas | 52 | 45.22 | 31.12 |
wetlands | 35 | 30.43 | 19.97 |
Open areas | 4 | 3.48 | 3.10 |
Grasslands | 1 | 0.87 | 0.71 |
Roads and Housing areas | 4 | 3.48 | 12.42 |
Total | 115 | 100 | 100.00 |
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Lee, S.-D. Wintering Habitat Use Pattern of Red-Crowned Cranes in the Korean Demilitarized Zone. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2018, 4, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040058
Lee S-D. Wintering Habitat Use Pattern of Red-Crowned Cranes in the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4(4):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040058
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sang-Don. 2018. "Wintering Habitat Use Pattern of Red-Crowned Cranes in the Korean Demilitarized Zone" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 4: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040058