Exploring Perceptions of Sustainable Development in South Korea: An Approach Based on Advocacy Coalition Framework’s Belief System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Literature Review
2.1. Sustainable Development Policy
2.2. The Advocacy Coalition Framework and Hierarchical Belief Systems
2.3. Perception of Sustainable Development
2.4. Synthesis of Theoretical Background and Literature Review
3. Research Design
Q Methodology
4. Analysis
4.1. Outline of Q Analysis
4.2. Characteristics of the Five Respondent Types
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Deep Core Beliefs | Policy Core Beliefs | Secondary Aspects |
---|---|---|
1. Human nature:
3. Basic criteria of distributive justice: whose welfare counts?Relative weights of self, primary groups, all people, future generations, nonhuman beings, etc. 4. Sociocultural identity: ethnicity, gender, religion, profession | 1. Basic value priorities 2. Identification of groups or other entities whose welfare is of greatest concern 3. Overall seriousness of the problem 4. Basic causes of the problem 5. Proper distribution of authority between government and market 6. Proper distribution of authority among levels of government 7. Priority accorded various policy instruments 8. Ability of society to solve the problem 9. Participation of the public, elected officials, and experts 10. Policy core policy preferences | 1. Seriousness of specific aspects of the problem in specific locales 2. Importance of various causal linkages in different locales and over time 3. Most decisions concerning administrative rules, budgetary allocations, disposition of cases, statutory interpretation, and even statutory revision 4. Information regarding performance of specific programs or institutions |
Belief System | No. | Contents |
---|---|---|
Core value | 4 | It is impossible to achieve economic growth and protect the environment at the same time. |
13 | At this point in time, Korea should put more emphasis on economic growth than anything else. | |
14 | At this point in time, Korea should put priority on solving social problems (polarization of wealth, low fertility, and aging). | |
15 | Sustainable development should be a top priority, as it is a means of assuring human survival and prosperity. | |
18 | Environmental problems inevitably arise in industrial society, and it is impossible to solve these environmental problems without abolishing industrial society. | |
19 | Threats to the environment are a matter of the survival of earth and humanity. | |
20 | Environmental problems should be resolved at the same time as social problems because of the greater discriminatory effects of environmental problems on the underprivileged, such as low-income and minority groups. | |
22 | We should further our society by seeking cooperation between national and local governments and between corporations and civil society. | |
Policy Core | 1 | Sustainable development is not only a solution to an environmental problem but also a way to address economic and social issues such as wealth polarization, aging, employment, and welfare. |
2 | The Lee Myung-bak government’s green growth policy has depressed Korea’s sustainable development policy. | |
3 | Green growth is a substitute for sustainable development. | |
6 | Low-carbon green growth is a key strategy for making Korea an advanced country. | |
7 | The nuclear industry should not be included in the policy of sustainable development. | |
16 | Sustainable development is the best solution to global problems such as fine dust that cannot be resolved by the efforts of a single country. | |
23 | The idea of sustainable development is a good one, but it is hard to be a national goal because of its abstractness. | |
26 | As the fourth industrial revolution accelerates, environmental problems will be solved naturally. | |
29 | Green growth is a strategy for promoting sustainable development. | |
33 | Low-carbon green growth policy ought to be abolished. | |
Secondary Aspect | 5 | Sustainable development should be driven by markets and companies. |
8 | Sustainable development policy failed because there was no central agency overseeing it. | |
9 | If the sustainable development is to be successfully implemented, securing public support must be a first priority. | |
10 | In order to successfully promote sustainable development, government must establish a systematic way to implement it. | |
11 | To successfully implement sustainable development in general, it is necessary to promote corporate sustainability management. | |
12 | Civil society should be the main force in implementing sustainable development, with the help of governments and corporations. | |
17 | Sustainable development should be promoted by experts and bureaucrats first, and citizens’ support should be sought later. | |
21 | A system based on participatory democracy rather than on the existing bureaucracy is needed to successfully promote sustainable development. | |
24 | Sustainable development policies are difficult to adjust because they are too broad. | |
25 | Local governments have a weak will when it comes to promoting sustainable development. | |
27 | The central government has a weak will when it comes to promoting sustainable development. | |
28 | Maintaining both the current Committee on Green Growth and Council on Sustainable Development is a waste. | |
30 | It is imperative that the Act on Sustainable Development restore the status of the basic law. | |
31 | The Council on Sustainable Development should belong to the prime minister’s office. | |
32 | The Committee on Green Growth that is currently belong to the prime minister’s office ought to absorb the Council on Sustainable Development of the Ministry of Environment. | |
34 | The president should pay more attention to implementation of sustainable development. | |
35 | The successful implementation of sustainable development requires broad participation by stakeholders. | |
36 | Human and financial resources are required to enforce compliance with sustainable development legislation. | |
37 | Improving ways to evaluate sustainability performance and to provide feedback is critical to successfully promoting sustainable development. |
General Category | Specific Category | Number |
---|---|---|
Expert | Member of UN advisory body, researcher | 5 |
Bureaucrat | Central and local government officials | 6 |
Legislature | Ruling party and opposition party | 3 |
Civic Group | Members of civil society organizations involved in sustainable development | 5 |
Company | Venture, SME, public corporation, large company representative | 4 |
Journalist | Newspaper reporter | 1 |
Total | 24 |
Q Sort | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | Type 5 | P Sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.3759 | −0.094 | 0.3504 | 0.3559 | 0.0803 | firm |
2 | 0.6510 * | 0.3612 | 0.3677 | 0.2091 | 0.0077 | firm |
3 | 0.0005 | −0.3329 | 0.0423 | 0.575 | 0.4727 | firm |
4 | 0.6055 * | 0.3895 | 0.0768 | 0.182 | −0.3564 | civic groups |
5 | 0.6325 * | 0.5957 | −0.1106 | 0.0227 | −0.1726 | bureaucrat |
6 | 0.8522 * | 0.1998 | 0.019 | 0.1348 | 0.0575 | researcher |
7 | 0.8665 * | 0.0079 | 0.1076 | 0.0917 | 0.0995 | researcher |
8 | 0.5195 | 0.4891 | 0.4103 | 0.1065 | 0.1551 | researcher |
9 | 0.5221 | −0.0031 | 0.449 | 0.3283 | −0.0104 | legislature |
10 | −0.0492 | 0.2827 | −0.0202 | 0.8446 * | 0.024 | legislature |
11 | 0.0379 | 0.1525 | 0.1676 | 0.1168 | 0.8774 * | legislature |
12 | 0.5788 | 0.3182 | −0.1027 | 0.3944 | 0.439 | bureaucrat |
13 | 0.0724 | 0.2877 | 0.8029 * | 0.2608 | −0.1437 | bureaucrat |
14 | 0.7406 * | 0.262 | 0.0554 | 0.2703 | −0.09 | civic groups |
15 | 0.7431 * | 0.2686 | −0.0329 | 0.0764 | 0.1233 | firm |
16 | 0.7689 * | 0.1428 | −0.0527 | −0.1534 | −0.1026 | researcher |
17 | −0.1493 | −0.082 | 0.7808 * | −0.1167 | 0.3512 | journalist |
18 | 0.3525 | 0.2097 | 0.3316 | 0.5952 * | 0.1066 | bureaucrat |
19 | 0.6320 * | 0.1116 | 0.5321 | −0.0838 | 0.1199 | bureaucrat |
20 | 0.2126 | 0.7467 * | 0.1126 | 0.2622 | 0.2837 | civic groups |
21 | 0.7843 * | 0.1393 | 0.2106 | 0.385 | −0.1083 | bureaucrat |
22 | 0.8522 * | 0.1653 | 0.111 | −0.0731 | 0.0749 | civic groups |
23 | 0.6866 * | 0.1929 | 0.2678 | 0.2725 | 0.288 | UN advisory |
24 | 0.5522 | 0.6546 * | 0.18 | 0.0225 | −0.0333 | civic groups |
Explanatory Power (%) | 34 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 73 |
Correlation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | - | 0.6054 | 0.1541 | 0.2526 | 0.1217 |
2 | - | 0.2378 | 0.3660 | 0.2667 | |
3 | - | 0.2294 | 0.2340 | ||
4 | - | 0.2397 |
Value * | No. | Statement |
---|---|---|
5 | 34 | The president should pay more attention to implementation of sustainable development. |
4 | 2 | The Lee Myung-bak government’s green growth policy has depressed Korea’s sustainable development policy. |
4 | 19 | Threats to the environment are a matter of the survival of earth and humanity. |
3 | 22 | We should further our society by seeking cooperation between national and local governments and between corporations and civil society. |
3 | 30 | It is imperative that the Sustainable Development Act restore the status of the basic law. |
3 | 20 | Environmental problems should be resolved at the same time as social problems because of the greater discriminatory effects of environmental problems on the underprivileged, such as low-income and minority groups. |
−3 | 13 | At this point in time, Korea should put more emphasis on economic growth than anything else. |
−3 | 17 | Sustainable development should be promoted by experts and bureaucrats first, and citizens’ support should be sought later. |
−3 | 23 | The idea of sustainable development is a good one, but it is hard to be a national goal because of its abstractness. |
−4 | 4 | It is impossible to achieve economic growth and protect the environment at the same time. |
−4 | 3 | Green growth is a substitute for sustainable development. |
−5 | 32 | The Committee on Green Growth that currently belongs to the prime minister’s office ought to absorb the Council on Sustainable Development of the Ministry of Environment. |
Value * | No. | Statement |
---|---|---|
5 | 16 | Sustainable development is the best solution to global problems such as fine dust that cannot be resolved by the efforts of a single country. |
4 | 19 | Threats to the environment are a matter of the survival of earth and humanity. |
4 | 22 | We should further our society by seeking cooperation between national and local governments and between corporations and civil society. |
3 | 15 | Sustainable development should be a top priority, as it is a means of assuring human survival and prosperity. |
3 | 21 | A system based on participatory democracy rather than on the existing bureaucracy is needed to successfully promote sustainable development. |
3 | 20 | Environmental problems should be resolved at the same time as social problems because of the greater discriminatory effects of environmental problems on the underprivileged, such as low-income and minority groups. |
−3 | 8 | Sustainable development policy failed because there was no central agency overseeing it. |
−3 | 27 | The central government has a weak will when it comes to promoting sustainable development. |
−3 | 26 | As the fourth industrial revolution accelerates, environmental problems will be solved naturally. |
−4 | 32 | The Committee on Green Growth that currently belongs to the prime minister’s office ought to absorb the Council on Sustainable Development of the Ministry of Environment. |
−4 | 33 | Low-carbon green growth policy ought to be abolished. |
−5 | 29 | Green growth is a strategy for promoting sustainable development. |
Value * | No. | Statement |
---|---|---|
5 | 22 | We should further our society by seeking cooperation between national and local governments and between corporations and civil society. |
4 | 29 | Green growth is a strategy for promoting sustainable development. |
4 | 12 | Civil society should be the main force in implementing sustainable development, with the help of governments and corporations. |
3 | 31 | The Council on Sustainable Development should belong to the prime minister’s office. |
3 | 1 | Sustainable development is not only a solution to an environmental problem but also a way to address economic and social issues such as wealth polarization, aging, employment, and welfare. |
3 | 34 | The president should pay more attention to implementation of sustainable development. |
−3 | 26 | As the fourth industrial revolution accelerates, environmental problems will be solved naturally. |
−3 | 18 | Environmental problems inevitably arise in industrial society, and it is impossible to solve these environmental problems without abolishing industrial society. |
−3 | 7 | The nuclear industry should not be included in the policy of sustainable development. |
−4 | 28 | Maintaining both the current Committee on Green Growth and Council on Sustainable Development is a waste. |
−4 | 33 | Low-carbon green growth policy ought to be abolished. |
−5 | 2 | The Lee Myung-bak government’s green growth policy has depressed Korea’s sustainable development policy. |
Value * | No. | Statement |
---|---|---|
5 | 23 | The idea of sustainable development is a good one, but it is hard to be a national goal because of its abstractness. |
4 | 28 | Maintaining both the current Committee on Green Growth and Council on Sustainable Development is a waste. |
4 | 37 | Improving ways to evaluate sustainability performance and to provide feedback is critical to successfully promoting sustainable development |
3 | 22 | We should further our society by seeking cooperation between national and local governments and between corporations and civil society. |
3 | 23 | The idea of sustainable development is a good one, but it is hard to be a national goal because of its abstractness. |
3 | 24 | Sustainable development policies are difficult to adjust because they are too broad. |
−3 | 34 | The president should pay more attention to implementation of sustainable development. |
−3 | 30 | It is imperative that the Sustainable Development Act restore the status of the basic law |
−3 | 31 | The Council on Sustainable Development should belong to the prime minister’s office. |
−4 | 10 | In order to successfully promote sustainable development, government must establish a systematic way to implement it. |
−4 | 12 | Civil society should be the main force in implementing sustainable development, with the help of governments and corporations. |
−5 | 26 | As the fourth industrial revolution accelerates, environmental problems will be solved naturally. |
Value * | No. | Statement |
---|---|---|
5 | 19 | Threats to the environment are a matter of survival of the earth and humanity. |
4 | 17 | Sustainable development should be promoted by experts and bureaucrats first, and citizens’ support should be sought later. |
4 | 18 | Environmental problems inevitably arise in industrial society, and it is impossible to solve these environmental problems without abolishing industrial society. |
3 | 11 | To successfully implement sustainable development in general, it is necessary to promote corporate sustainability management. |
3 | 36 | Human and financial resources are required to enforce compliance with sustainable development legislation. |
3 | 37 | Improving ways to evaluate sustainability performance and to provide feedback is critical to successfully promoting sustainable development. |
−3 | 32 | The Committee on Green Growth that currently belongs to the prime minister’s office ought to absorb the Council on Sustainable Development of the Ministry of Environment. |
−3 | 21 | A system based on participatory democracy rather than on the existing bureaucracy is needed to successfully promote sustainable development. |
−3 | 25 | Local governments have a weak will when it comes to promoting sustainable development. |
−4 | 7 | The nuclear industry should not be included in the policy of sustainable development. |
−4 | 12 | Civil society should be the main force in implementing sustainable development, with the help of governments and corporations. |
−5 | 2 | The Lee Myung-bak government’s green growth policy has depressed Korea’s sustainable development policy. |
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Lim, H.; Eun, J. Exploring Perceptions of Sustainable Development in South Korea: An Approach Based on Advocacy Coalition Framework’s Belief System. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2018, 4, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040054
Lim H, Eun J. Exploring Perceptions of Sustainable Development in South Korea: An Approach Based on Advocacy Coalition Framework’s Belief System. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2018; 4(4):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040054
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Hyunjung, and Jonghwan Eun. 2018. "Exploring Perceptions of Sustainable Development in South Korea: An Approach Based on Advocacy Coalition Framework’s Belief System" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, no. 4: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4040054