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Electronics
Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/electronics15020412
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Flying Capacitor Zero-Sequence Leg Based 3P4L Converter with DC Second Harmonic Suppression and AC Three-Phase Imbalance Compensation Abilities

by
Yufeng Ma
1,
Chao Zhang
1,*,
Xufeng Yuan
1,
Wei Xiong
1,
Zhiyang Lu
1,
Huajun Zheng
1,
Yutao Xu
2 and
Zhukui Tan
2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2
Electric Power Research Institute of Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550002, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2026, 15(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020412 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 December 2025 / Revised: 7 January 2026 / Accepted: 8 January 2026 / Published: 16 January 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

In flexible DC distribution systems, the three-phase four-leg (3P4L) converter demonstrates excellent performance in addressing three-phase load imbalance problems, but suffers from DC-side second harmonics and complex multi-parameter control coordination. In this paper, a flying capacitor zero-sequence leg-based 3P4L (FCZS-3P4L) converter is proposed, which introduces the three-level flying capacitor structure into the fourth zero-sequence leg, making it possible to suppress the DC-side second harmonics by using the flying capacitor for energy buffering. Meanwhile, a modulated model predictive control (MMPC) strategy for proposed FCZS-3P4L is presented. This strategy utilizes a dual-layer control strategy based on a phase-split power outer loop and a model predictive current inner loop to simultaneously achieve AC three-phase imbalance current compensation and the energy buffering of the flying capacitor, thereby eliminating the complex parameter coordination among multiple control loops in conventional control structures. A MATLAB-based simulation model and Star-Sim hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) semi-physical experimental platforms are built. The results show that the proposed FCZS-3P4L converter and corresponding MMPC control can effectively reduces three-phase current unbalance by 19.57%, and reduce the second harmonic amplitude by 57%, i.e., decreasing from 14.74 V to 6.31 V, simultaneously realizing DC-side second harmonic and AC-side three-phase unbalance suppression.
Keywords: second harmonic suppression; three-phase four-leg inverter; model predictive control; flying capacitor structure second harmonic suppression; three-phase four-leg inverter; model predictive control; flying capacitor structure

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ma, Y.; Zhang, C.; Yuan, X.; Xiong, W.; Lu, Z.; Zheng, H.; Xu, Y.; Tan, Z. A Flying Capacitor Zero-Sequence Leg Based 3P4L Converter with DC Second Harmonic Suppression and AC Three-Phase Imbalance Compensation Abilities. Electronics 2026, 15, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020412

AMA Style

Ma Y, Zhang C, Yuan X, Xiong W, Lu Z, Zheng H, Xu Y, Tan Z. A Flying Capacitor Zero-Sequence Leg Based 3P4L Converter with DC Second Harmonic Suppression and AC Three-Phase Imbalance Compensation Abilities. Electronics. 2026; 15(2):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020412

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ma, Yufeng, Chao Zhang, Xufeng Yuan, Wei Xiong, Zhiyang Lu, Huajun Zheng, Yutao Xu, and Zhukui Tan. 2026. "A Flying Capacitor Zero-Sequence Leg Based 3P4L Converter with DC Second Harmonic Suppression and AC Three-Phase Imbalance Compensation Abilities" Electronics 15, no. 2: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020412

APA Style

Ma, Y., Zhang, C., Yuan, X., Xiong, W., Lu, Z., Zheng, H., Xu, Y., & Tan, Z. (2026). A Flying Capacitor Zero-Sequence Leg Based 3P4L Converter with DC Second Harmonic Suppression and AC Three-Phase Imbalance Compensation Abilities. Electronics, 15(2), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15020412

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