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Volume 15
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10.3390/electronics15010096
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Decentralized Control for Interrelated Systems with Asymmetric Information Architecture

by
Yixing Wang
1,
Yirun Wang
1,
Boqun Tan
1,
Xinghua Li
2 and
Xiao Liang
1,*
1
School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
2
College of Shandong Traffic Technician, Linyi 276000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2026, 15(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010096 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 21 November 2025 / Revised: 18 December 2025 / Accepted: 22 December 2025 / Published: 24 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolutionary and Swarm Intelligence Approaches for Recommender Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper focuses on finite-horizon optimum state feedback control problems for interconnected systems of two players involved with asymmetric one-step delay information. For the finite horizon optimum decentralized control problem, a crucial and adequate condition is derived by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Under this framework, player 1 transmits its state and control input data with a one-step delay to the controller of player 2, while player 1’s controller does not have access to the real-time or delayed states and control inputs of player 2, resulting in an asymmetric information structure characterized by a one-step delay Then, the solutions to the forward and backward stochastic difference equations are derived. A target tracking system is given in numerical examples to verify the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: asymmetric one-step delay information; optimum control; maximum principle; forward and backward stochastic difference equations asymmetric one-step delay information; optimum control; maximum principle; forward and backward stochastic difference equations

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Tan, B.; Li, X.; Liang, X. Decentralized Control for Interrelated Systems with Asymmetric Information Architecture. Electronics 2026, 15, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010096

AMA Style

Wang Y, Wang Y, Tan B, Li X, Liang X. Decentralized Control for Interrelated Systems with Asymmetric Information Architecture. Electronics. 2026; 15(1):96. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010096

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Yixing, Yirun Wang, Boqun Tan, Xinghua Li, and Xiao Liang. 2026. "Decentralized Control for Interrelated Systems with Asymmetric Information Architecture" Electronics 15, no. 1: 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010096

APA Style

Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Tan, B., Li, X., & Liang, X. (2026). Decentralized Control for Interrelated Systems with Asymmetric Information Architecture. Electronics, 15(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010096

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