Lossless and High-Throughput Congestion Control in Satellite-Based Cloud Platforms †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Among the existing methods, network throughput is adjusted to match the bandwidth of the bottleneck link. By preventing full occupation of the bottleneck link, congestion is avoided. However, this results in low throughput and high flow completion times.
- The size of each Data is defined by the producer; thus, the sizes of Data packets retrieved by different Interests can vary significantly. Therefore, adjusting the sending rate of Interests alone cannot proportionally regulate the traffic of Data packets.
- The satellite-based cloud platform, characterized by its time-varying nature and significant propagation delays, may experience delayed congestion responses when existing congestion feedback mechanisms are used. This can lead to packet loss [21].
- We propose a lossless congestion control method termed CCLF, which enhances the content storage and data forwarding mechanisms of NDN. By monitoring output queues and regulating data forwarding, CCLF effectively eliminates packet loss.
- We optimize the aggregation and unified scheduling of Data packets, fully utilizing the bandwidth resources in the time-varying network. This approach overcomes the throughput limitations imposed by the constrained bandwidth of the end-to-end bottleneck link, thereby achieving high network throughput.
- We design a priority-based scheduling algorithm that supports swift forwarding of high-priority Data while ensuring appropriate bandwidth allocation for ordinary Data with the same priority, thus meeting the desired Quality of Service (QoS).
- We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the CCLF method, comparing its performance with that of the recognized PCON approach. The results show that CCLF significantly reduces flow completion time and improves network throughput.
2. Related Works
2.1. Consumer-Side Congestion Control
2.2. Hop-by-Hop Congestion Control
2.3. Hybrid Congestion Control
3. Integrated System and Algorithm Design
3.1. Design Goals
3.2. Framework of CCLF
3.3. Throughput Optimization Model
3.3.1. Throughput with CCLF
3.3.2. Average Bandwidth Comparison
3.4. Data Flow Scheduling Model
3.5. Forwarding Dispatch Table
3.6. Data Forwarding Scheduling
- Read the priority field in Data i and determine the queue from the forwarding database Q.
- If the queue with priority does not exist, create a new queue in the forwarding database Q.
- Read the name in Data i and select the sub-queue from the queue .
- If the sub-queue is empty, it indicates that a new data flow with the name prefix is being received. To ensure appropriate bandwidth allocation among flows with the same priority, reset the recorded sent byte count for all sub-queues of equal priority to zero.
- Insert the pointer of Data i into the sub-queue .
- After sending one Data packet, retrieve the database Q. Select the non-empty queue with the highest priority from Q.
- If there is only one sub-queue in , remove the first element l from and insert the corresponding Data packet into the output queue of the interface. Update the sent byte count for from to .
- If there are multiple sub-queues in , select the sub-queue with the least sent bytes: . Remove the first element l from , insert the associated Data into the output queue, and update the byte count for from to .
- If the sub-queue or becomes empty after removing the first element l, erase it to prevent selecting an empty sub-queue in subsequent steps.
- Repeat step (1) until the termination condition is met.
4. Implementation
4.1. Experimental Settings
4.2. Simulation Settings
5. Experimental Results and Discussion
5.1. Congestion Control Under Constant Bandwidth
5.1.1. Flow Completion Time
5.1.2. Network Throughput
5.1.3. Bandwidth Utilization
5.1.4. Verification of Zero Packet Loss
5.2. Congestion Control Under Dynamic Bandwidth
5.2.1. Flow Completion Time
5.2.2. Network Throughput
5.2.3. Bandwidth Utilization
5.2.4. Verification of Zero Packet Loss
5.3. Evaluation Summary
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Definitions |
---|---|
The priority of Data i | |
The name prefix of Data i | |
The queue with priority in database Q | |
The sub-queue with name prefix in the queue | |
Total byte length of the forwarded Data in sub-queue |
Simulation Parameters | Value |
---|---|
Link type | point-to-point link |
General link bandwidth | 100 Mbps |
Congested link bandwidth | 10 Mbps |
Propagation delay | 10 ms |
Queue (maxpackets on the link) | 200 |
Interest sending rate | 1000 pkts/s |
Size of Content Store (CS) | 32 GB (approx. packets) |
Time Interval | Bandwidth of Link 1 | Bandwidth of Link 2 |
---|---|---|
0–6 s | 10 Mbps | 10 Mbps |
6–10 s | 6 Mbps | 14 Mbps |
10–14 s | 14 Mbps | 6 Mbps |
14–25 s | 6 Mbps | 14 Mbps |
Performance | PCON | CCLF |
---|---|---|
Packet loss | Occurrence | Non-occurrence |
Control master | Consumers and routers | Routers |
Control mode | Adjust sending rate of Interests | Data scheduling and forwarding |
Throughput | Floating | Stable |
Bandwidth usage | Underutilized bandwidth | Full bandwidth utilization |
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Diao, W.; An, J.; Li, T.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z. Lossless and High-Throughput Congestion Control in Satellite-Based Cloud Platforms. Electronics 2025, 14, 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061206
Diao W, An J, Li T, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Lossless and High-Throughput Congestion Control in Satellite-Based Cloud Platforms. Electronics. 2025; 14(6):1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061206
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiao, Wenlan, Jianping An, Tong Li, Yu Zhang, and Zhoujie Liu. 2025. "Lossless and High-Throughput Congestion Control in Satellite-Based Cloud Platforms" Electronics 14, no. 6: 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061206
APA StyleDiao, W., An, J., Li, T., Zhang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2025). Lossless and High-Throughput Congestion Control in Satellite-Based Cloud Platforms. Electronics, 14(6), 1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14061206