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Article

An Adaptive Dynamic Defense Strategy for Microservices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

1
College of Computer, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2
Institute of Information Technology, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
3
Henan Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials Manufacturing and Intelligent Equipment, Luoyang 471023, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(20), 4096; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14204096 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 September 2025 / Revised: 15 October 2025 / Accepted: 16 October 2025 / Published: 19 October 2025

Abstract

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to balance security defense and quality of service in a dynamic cloud-native environment, an adaptive dynamic defense strategy (AD2S) for microservices based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed. First, a microservice attack graph model is constructed to extract security threats from multiple dimensions. Combined with queuing theory, the relationships among security performance, quality of service, cleaning cycle, and replica quantity are established to quantitatively model the effectiveness of defense. Subsequently, an adaptive defense framework is designed, which includes state monitoring, policy deployment, and optimization algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning, providing a rapid update solution for the optimal system configuration of microservices under dynamic traffic requests. The experimental results show that under dynamic traffic requests, compared with the existing DSEOM and OADSF strategies, AD2S improves the defense effectiveness by 34.38% and 10.29%, respectively, while ensuring the quality of service, significantly enhancing the system’s security adaptive ability.
Keywords: cloud-native; microservices; deep reinforcement learning; dynamic defense; quality of service cloud-native; microservices; deep reinforcement learning; dynamic defense; quality of service

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, G.; Hu, H. An Adaptive Dynamic Defense Strategy for Microservices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. Electronics 2025, 14, 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14204096

AMA Style

Li Y, Li Y, Wang G, Hu H. An Adaptive Dynamic Defense Strategy for Microservices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. Electronics. 2025; 14(20):4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14204096

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Yuanbo, Yuanmou Li, Guoqiang Wang, and Hongchao Hu. 2025. "An Adaptive Dynamic Defense Strategy for Microservices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning" Electronics 14, no. 20: 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14204096

APA Style

Li, Y., Li, Y., Wang, G., & Hu, H. (2025). An Adaptive Dynamic Defense Strategy for Microservices Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning. Electronics, 14(20), 4096. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14204096

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