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Volume 11
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Article

Android-SEM: Generative Adversarial Network for Android Malware Semantic Enhancement Model Based on Transfer Learning

by
Yizhao Huang
,
Xingwei Li
,
Meng Qiao
,
Ke Tang
,
Chunyan Zhang
,
Hairen Gui
,
Panjie Wang
and
Fudong Liu
*
State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2022, 11(5), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050672
Submission received: 28 January 2022 / Revised: 14 February 2022 / Accepted: 16 February 2022 / Published: 22 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
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Abstract

Currently, among the millions of Android applications, there exist numerous malicious programs that pose significant threats to people’s security and privacy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop approaches for detecting Android malware. Recently developed malware detection methods usually rely on various features, such as application programming interface (API) sequences, images, and permissions, thereby ignoring the importance of source code and the associated comments, which are not usually included in malware. Therefore, we propose Android-SEM, which is an Android source code semantic enhancement model based on transfer learning. Our proposed model is built upon the Transformer architecture to achieve a pretraining framework for generating code comments from malware source code. The performance of the pretraining framework is optimized using a generative adversarial network. Our proposed model relies on a novel regression model-based filter to retain high-quality comments and source code for feature fusion pertinent to semantic enhancement. Creatively, and contrary to conventional methods, we incorporated a quantum support vector machine (QSVM) for classifying malicious Android code by combining quantum machine learning and classical deep learning models. The results proved that Android-SEM achieves accuracy levels of 99.55% and 99.01% for malware detection and malware categorization, respectively.
Keywords: Android malware detection; transfer learning; quantum support vector machine; semantic enhancement; generative adversarial network Android malware detection; transfer learning; quantum support vector machine; semantic enhancement; generative adversarial network

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, Y.; Li, X.; Qiao, M.; Tang, K.; Zhang, C.; Gui, H.; Wang, P.; Liu, F. Android-SEM: Generative Adversarial Network for Android Malware Semantic Enhancement Model Based on Transfer Learning. Electronics 2022, 11, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050672

AMA Style

Huang Y, Li X, Qiao M, Tang K, Zhang C, Gui H, Wang P, Liu F. Android-SEM: Generative Adversarial Network for Android Malware Semantic Enhancement Model Based on Transfer Learning. Electronics. 2022; 11(5):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Yizhao, Xingwei Li, Meng Qiao, Ke Tang, Chunyan Zhang, Hairen Gui, Panjie Wang, and Fudong Liu. 2022. "Android-SEM: Generative Adversarial Network for Android Malware Semantic Enhancement Model Based on Transfer Learning" Electronics 11, no. 5: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050672

APA Style

Huang, Y., Li, X., Qiao, M., Tang, K., Zhang, C., Gui, H., Wang, P., & Liu, F. (2022). Android-SEM: Generative Adversarial Network for Android Malware Semantic Enhancement Model Based on Transfer Learning. Electronics, 11(5), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050672

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