Fourier Image Watermarking: Print-Cam Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works
3. Fourier Image Watermarking
3.1. Fourier Transform
3.2. Watermark Insertion
3.3. Watermark Detection
4. Print-Cam Watermarking Application
4.1. Projective Correction Pre-Process
- Step 1. Detect the four corners: we use Hough line to detect the frame of the ID image, and then we get the four points from the intersections of those lines.
- Step 2. Estimate the projective matrix: with the corresponding four points, we solve the system of Equation (7).
- Step 3. Apply the inverse transformation in the whole image to reconstruct the image with no geometric effect.
4.2. System Design and Implementation
- 1.
- Importing the original host image: the user chooses an image existing already in the gallery of the smartphone to apply image watermarking on it.
- 2.
- Watermark insertion: the watermark is generated in this phase by default-predefined parameters, and the luminance part of the chosen image is processed as shown in Figure 2.
- 3.
- Saving the watermarked image: the watermarked image is converted back to its original RGB color type, exported, and saved on the user’s smartphone, ready for the printing step
- 1.
- Taking a picture: at this stage, the user takes a picture freehandedly of the printed watermarked image with the integrated camera of the smartphone.
- 2.
- The captured image is named and saved in the application folder and ready for watermark detection.
- 3.
- The detection phase combines projective correction of the captured image and watermark detection, as shown in Figure 3.
4.3. Testing and Performance Analysis
4.3.1. Application User Interface
- 1.
- We named the application “TattooCam.” While downloading the application, ask for authorization to use the gallery and the camera of the device, as shown in Figure 7.
- 2.
- Watermark insertion scenario: the main activities of watermark insertion process designed in the application are shown in Figure 8.
- 3.
- Watermark detection scenario: the main activities of watermark detection process designed in the application are shown in Figure 9.
4.3.2. Application Performance
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Computer | Specifications |
---|---|
Brand | HPEliteBook 8440 p |
Processor | Intel Core i5 2.40 GHz |
RAM | 6 Go |
Storage | 230 Go |
Operating system | Windows 10 Professionnel |
Smartphone | Specifications |
---|---|
Brand | Nokia TA-1020 |
Processor | Quad-core 1.25 GHz Cortex-A53 |
RAM | 2 Go |
Storage | 16 Go |
Operating system | Android 9 |
Images | Maximum Correlation Values | |
---|---|---|
Without Watermark | With Watermark | |
Alison | 0.2571 | 0.9089 |
Andrew | 0.3133 | 0.8840 |
Caroline | 0.3517 | 0.8802 |
Barry | 0.2296 | 0.9007 |
Images | Maximum Correlation Values | |
---|---|---|
Without Watermark | With Watermark | |
Alison | 0.1794 | 0.1794 |
Andrew | 0.2456 | 0.5112 |
Caroline | 0.2253 | 0.5523 |
Barry | 0.1974 | 0.5148 |
Images | Time Consumption (Second) | |
---|---|---|
Without Watermark | With Watermark | |
Alison | 10.07 s | 9.5 s |
Andrew | 4.10 s | 7.44 s |
Caroline | 6.54 s | 5.84 s |
Barry | 4.11 s | 6.45 s |
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Gourrame, K.; Ros, F.; Douzi, H.; Harba, R.; Riad, R. Fourier Image Watermarking: Print-Cam Application. Electronics 2022, 11, 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020266
Gourrame K, Ros F, Douzi H, Harba R, Riad R. Fourier Image Watermarking: Print-Cam Application. Electronics. 2022; 11(2):266. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020266
Chicago/Turabian StyleGourrame, Khadija, Frederic Ros, Hassan Douzi, Rachid Harba, and Rabia Riad. 2022. "Fourier Image Watermarking: Print-Cam Application" Electronics 11, no. 2: 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020266