Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities

Mitra, Dipankar; Dev, Sukrith; Allen, Monica S.; Allen, Jeffery W.; Braaten, Benjamin D.

doi:10.3390/electronics10091081

Open AccessArticle

Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities

by

Dipankar Mitra

^1,*,

Sukrith Dev

²,

Monica S. Allen

²,

Jeffery W. Allen

² and

Benjamin D. Braaten

^1,*

¹

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA

²

Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin Air Force Base, FL 32542, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Electronics 2021, 10(9), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091081

Submission received: 9 April 2021 / Revised: 29 April 2021 / Accepted: 1 May 2021 / Published: 3 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterials and Metasurfaces)

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Abstract

In this work transformation electromagnetics/optics (TE/TO) were employed to realize a non-homogeneous, anisotropic material-embedded beam-steerer using both a single antenna element and an antenna array without phase control circuitry. Initially, through theory and validation with numerical simulations it is shown that beam-steering can be achieved in an arbitrary direction by enclosing a single antenna element within the transformation media. Then, this was followed by an array with fixed voltages and equal phases enclosed by transformation media. This enclosed array was scanned, and the proposed theory was validated through numerical simulations. Furthermore, through full-wave simulations it was shown that a horizontal dipole antenna embedded in a metamaterial can be designed such that the horizontal dipole performs identically to a vertical dipole in free-space. Similarly, it was also shown that a material-embedded horizontal dipole array can perform as a vertical dipole array in free-space, all without the need of a phase shifter network. These methods have applications in scanning for wireless communications, radar, beam-forming, and steering.

Keywords: transformation electromagnetics/optics; coordinate transformations; meta-material; beam-steering

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mitra, D.; Dev, S.; Allen, M.S.; Allen, J.W.; Braaten, B.D. Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities. Electronics 2021, 10, 1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091081

AMA Style

Mitra D, Dev S, Allen MS, Allen JW, Braaten BD. Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities. Electronics. 2021; 10(9):1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mitra, Dipankar, Sukrith Dev, Monica S. Allen, Jeffery W. Allen, and Benjamin D. Braaten. 2021. "Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities" Electronics 10, no. 9: 1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091081

APA Style

Mitra, D., Dev, S., Allen, M. S., Allen, J. W., & Braaten, B. D. (2021). Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities. Electronics, 10(9), 1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091081

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Coordinate Transformations-Based Antenna Elements Embedded in a Metamaterial Shell with Scanning Capabilities

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