From the Beehives: Identification and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Honey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Honey Samples
2.2. Physicochemical Characterization
2.2.1. pH and Free Acidity
2.2.2. Density
2.2.3. Electrical Conductivity
2.2.4. Ash Content
2.2.5. Moisture Content
2.2.6. Color Measurement
2.2.7. Hydroxymethylfurfural Analysis
2.2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Density
4.2. Electrical Conductivity
4.3. Ash Content
4.4. Water Content
4.5. Hydroxymethylfurfural
4.6. Color
4.7. pH and Free Acidity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N° of Sample | Harvest Period | Location | Denomination | Type of Extraction |
---|---|---|---|---|
H01 | June 2018 | Djelfa (Dzairia) | Multifloral | Manual |
H02 | June 2018 | Djelfa (Moudjebara) | Multifloral | Manual |
H03 | June 2018 | Tiaret | Multifloral | Mechanical |
H04 | June 2018 | Medea | Aleppo Pine | Mechanical |
H05 | June 2018 | Aflou | Multifloral | Mechanical |
H06 | June 2018 | Laghouat | Ziziphus lotus | Mechanical |
H07 | May 2019 | El Bayadh | Multifloral | Mechanical |
H08 | July 2019 | Mostaganem | Eucalyptus | Mechanical |
H09 | August 2019 | Ain-Safra | Ziziphus lotus | Mechanical |
H10 | June 2019 | Sidi Bel-Abbes | Multifloral | Mechanical |
H11 | June 2019 | Ghardaia | Phoenix sp. | Manual |
Samples Code | Density (g/cm3) | Electrical Conductivity (10−1 mS/cm) | pH | Water Content (%) | Ash Content (%) | HMF (mg/kg) | Free Acidity (meg/kg) | Color (Pfund Index) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H01 | 1.50 ± 0.02 | 1.12 ± 0.004 | 4.24 ± 0.01 | 14.8 ± 0.08 | 0.08 ± 0.001 | 2.84 ± 0.54 | 11.0 ± 0.01 | 1.1 |
H02 | 1.38 ± 0.01 | 6.41 ± 0.005 | 4.5 ± 0.01 | 18.8 ± 0.05 | 0.48 ± 0.001 | 5.68 ± 0.02 | 11.5 ± 0.01 | 9.9 |
H03 | 1.50 ± 0.06 | 2.34 ± 0.010 | 3.5 ± 0.10 | 14.03 ± 0.01 | 0.17 ± 0.003 | 117.7 ± 0.20 | 25.0 ± 0.50 | 14 |
H04 | 1.45 ± 0.03 | 1.48 ± 0.004 | 3.7 ± 0.10 | 15.8 ± 0.05 | 0.11 ± 0.002 | 90.7 ± 0.50 | 47.0 ± 0.30 | 14 |
H05 | 1.46 ± 0.01 | 1.46 ± 0.010 | 4.16 ± 0.02 | 14.4 ± 0.60 | 0.11 ± 0.001 | 9.28 ± 0.01 | 37.0 ± 0.01 | 6.2 |
H06 | 1.45 ± 0.01 | 2.61 ± 0.010 | 4.25 ± 0.01 | 15.03 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.020 | 9.92 ± 0.02 | 15.0 ± 0.01 | 6.2 |
H07 | 1.45 ± 0.01 | 0.83 ± 0.010 | 4.48 ± 0.01 | 6.2 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.001 | 3.83 ± 0.70 | 18.0 ± 0.01 | 1.1 |
H08 | 1.42 ± 0.02 | 5.06 ± 0.001 | 4.42 ± 0.01 | 17.4 ± 0.15 | 0.38 ± 0.001 | 12.87 ± 0.10 | 20.0 ± 0.20 | 8.3 |
H09 | 1.47 ± 0.03 | 1.6 ± 0.005 | 1.4 ± 0.01 | 14.6 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.001 | 4.19 ± 0.04 | 16.5 ± 0.02 | 6.2 |
H10 | 1.44 ± 0.01 | 1.38 ± 0.002 | 4.16 ± 0.01 | 16.2 ± 0.20 | 0.1 ± 0.003 | 7.43 ± 0.20 | 11.0 ± 0.70 | 7.1 |
H11 | 1.46 ± 0.09 | 3.49 ± 0.003 | 4.38 ± 0.01 | 15.1 ± 0.17 | 0.26 ± 0.001 | 12.25 ± 1.34 | 26.0±0.12 | 8.3 |
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Guerzou, M.; Aouissi, H.A.; Guerzou, A.; Burlakovs, J.; Doumandji, S.; Krauklis, A.E. From the Beehives: Identification and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Honey. Resources 2021, 10, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10100094
Guerzou M, Aouissi HA, Guerzou A, Burlakovs J, Doumandji S, Krauklis AE. From the Beehives: Identification and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Honey. Resources. 2021; 10(10):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10100094
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuerzou, Mokhtar, Hani Amir Aouissi, Ahlem Guerzou, Juris Burlakovs, Salaheddine Doumandji, and Andrey E. Krauklis. 2021. "From the Beehives: Identification and Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Algerian Honey" Resources 10, no. 10: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10100094