A Hybrid Framework for Dynamic Route Guidance: Integrating GA-BiGRU-ATT Traffic Prediction with Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization

Accurate short-term traffic forecasting and efficient dynamic route guidance are pivotal for mitigating urban congestion. However, accurately capturing complex temporal dependencies and nonlinear variations in traffic flow remains challenging, while conventional path-planning algorithms may also suffer from local-optimum problems. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid framework integrating an optimized prediction model with an enhanced ant colony optimization algorithm. First, a GA-BiGRU-ATT model is developed for traffic state prediction. By combining a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU), a temporal attention mechanism, and genetic algorithm-based hyperparameter optimization, the model captures contextual temporal dependencies within the observed historical input window and emphasizes critical time-step features. Under the evaluated model configurations, the proposed approach achieved traffic-state classification accuracies of 90.28% and 87.50% on Segments 1 and 2, respectively. Second, based on the predicted traffic states, an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm (IACA) incorporating traffic-state feedback is proposed to mitigate slow convergence and local-optimum entrapment in conventional ACO. Within the ant-colony-based comparison, the IACA reduced the average computational time by 49.57% relative to the conventional ACA. Furthermore, under the evaluated SUMO evening-peak scenario, periodic dynamic guidance reduced the average travel time of the selected guided vehicles by 12.06% and increased their average speed by 27.07%. These results demonstrate the potential of prediction-guided dynamic rerouting under the evaluated simulation conditions.