Research on the Synergistic Effect of the Composite System for High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. The Concept of the CSME
2.2. The Composition of the CSME
2.3. Research on the Correlation of the CSME
2.4. Research on the Coordination of the CSME
2.5. Research on the Evaluation of Synergy Level of the CSME
3. The Construction of the CSHDME
3.1. Analysis of the Connotation of the CSHDME
3.2. Composite System Model Construction for HDME
4. Methods and Materials
4.1. Methods
4.1.1. The Indicator Orderliness Degree Model
4.1.2. The Subsystem Orderliness Degree Model
4.1.3. The Composite System Synergy Degree Model
4.2. Data Sources
4.2.1. Research Area
4.2.2. Data Description
- (1)
- Data sources
- (2)
- Data pre-processing
4.3. Indicator Selection and Weight Determination
4.3.1. Indicator Selection
- (1)
- Marine economy subsystem as it centers on the exploitation, utilization, and protection of various marine and spatial resources. The subsystem’s high-quality development emphasizes the high quality, high efficiency and high level of marine economic development, which means not only the expansion of the scale of the marine economy, the improvement and optimization of the structure of the marine economy and other “quality” enhancement, and the efficiency of marine input and output, total factor productivity and other “efficiency” enhancement. It also requires the promotion of high-level openness. Therefore, the marine economy subsystem can be examined through five dimensions: marine economy scale and economic efficiency, marine economy coordination and stability, and marine economy openness. With reference to the research of Gao et al. [44], Wang et al. [45], and Li et al. [46], 11 order parameter components, such as the added value of the marine industry, are selected.
- (2)
- Marine technology subsystem. Due to the special attributes of the marine economy, its development, utilization, and protection are more dependent on the support of high technology. Innovation is a powerful driving force for the high-quality development of the marine economy. The input and output of innovation, the efficiency of innovation, and the innovation vitality inspired by new industries have become important indicators to measure innovation capability. Therefore, the marine technology subsystem pays more attention to marine technology research and output in the process of development, which can be examined through four dimensions: marine technology innovation input and output, marine technology innovation efficiency, and technology kinetic energy. With reference to the research of Wu et al. [47], Liu et al. [48], and others, six order parameter components, such as the proportion of marine scientific research investment, are selected.
- (3)
- Marine ecological subsystem. The marine ecological subsystem is centered on the resource environment and consists of marine natural environmental elements and environmental marine development elements. The construction of ecological civilization is the essence of achieving high-quality development of the marine economy. In July 2021, the Ministry of Natural Resources of China proposed that the current marine ecological environment still suffers from the problem of insufficient ecological carrying capacity and ecological pressure, and should take marine ecological and environmental protection as the core, comprehensively improve the efficiency of marine environmental resources utilization, and accelerate the green development of the ocean. It can be seen that the high quality of the marine ecological subsystem should not only focus on marine ecological resources and their carrying pressure but also on the protection and development efficiency of the marine ecological environment. Therefore, the marine ecological subsystem can be examined through four dimensions: marine ecological conditions, marine ecological efficiency, marine ecological pressure, and protection. Referring to the research of Yang and Sun [49], Li et al. [50], and others, eight order parameter components such as mariculture area are selected.
- (4)
- Marine social subsystem. This subsystem is centered on human beings and formed based on interpersonal relationships and interactions such as human–sea relations, marine-related production, and living practices. Working for people’s happiness is an essential feature of the high-quality development of the marine economy. The high-quality development of the marine social subsystem should take the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood as the starting and ending point and should be a two-way enhancement of high-quality life and high-quality consumption on the basis of equalization of public services. In this respect, there are certain elements that represent urban capital construction level, social security and public transportation protection, consumption structure and consumption level. Therefore, the marine social subsystem can be examined through four dimensions: the level of marine city construction, marine residents’ quality of life, marine residents’ consumption level, and marine residents’ consumption structure. Referring to the research of Di and Sun [51], Guo et al. [52], and others, seven order parameter components, such as the number of berths for production in ports above the scale, are selected.
- (5)
- Marine culture subsystem. The marine culture subsystem in this paper emphasizes the worth of marine culture and refers to cultural elements in marine activities that can be refined and developed with market value, thus excluding elements of marine culture that are only appreciated at the spiritual level or are difficult to market. In August 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that “we should improve the modern cultural industry system and market system, cultivate new cultural industries and cultural consumption patterns, and enhance people’s sense of cultural acquisition and happiness with high-quality cultural supply”, which points out the direction for promoting the marine cultural industry to achieve high-quality development. This inevitably involves government policies, material carriers and spiritual culture and other related elements in the process of high-quality development of the marine culture subsystem. Therefore, with reference to the research of Wang et al. [45], Qin et al. [53], and Xu [54], the marine culture subsystem can be examined through three dimensions: institutional culture, material culture, and spiritual culture, and seven order parameter components such as the government–market relationship index are selected.
4.3.2. Weight Determination
5. Results and Analysis
5.1. Analysis of Degree of Subsystem Orderliness Results
5.2. Analysis of the CSHDME’s Degree of Synergy Results
5.2.1. Analysis of the Time-Series Change in the CSHDME Synergy Level
5.2.2. Analysis of the Spatial Evolution of the CSHDME’s Synergy Level
5.3. Trajectory Analysis of Degree of Synergy of the CSHDME
6. Discussion
6.1. Research Conclusions
6.2. Management Enlightenment
- (1)
- Reasonable allocation of marine resources and accurate improvement of shortcomings.
- (2)
- Optimize the spatial layout of the marine space and strengthen regional cooperation.
- (3)
- Narrowing the development gap and promoting balanced development.
6.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Synergy Degree of the CSHDME | Synergy Level |
---|---|
Highly non-synergistic | |
Moderate non-synergy | |
Low non-synergy | |
Mild synergy | |
Moderate synergy | |
Highly synergistic |
Subsystem | Order Parameter | Order Parameter Component | Direction | Entropy Method | AHP | Weights |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marine economy subsystem | Marine economy scale | The added value of the marine industry | Positive | 0.056 | 0.029 | 0.043 |
Marine economy efficiency | The development degree of the marine factor market | Positive | 0.051 | 0.021 | 0.036 | |
Marine green total factor productivity | Positive | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
Marine economy coordination | Advanced marine industry structure | Positive | 0.006 | 0.037 | 0.021 | |
Highest GOP per capita/lowest GOP per capita in coastal provinces | Negative | 0.011 | 0.023 | 0.017 | ||
Per capita consumption expenditure in coastal urban/rural areas | Negative | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.014 | ||
Marine economy stability | The registered unemployment rate in marine urban | Negative | 0.002 | 0.037 | 0.020 | |
Consumer price index | Negative | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.018 | ||
Marine economy openness | Marine cargo traffic/total cargo volume | Positive | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.013 | |
Total marine import trade/total export trade | Positive | 0.009 | 0.023 | 0.016 | ||
Marine high-tech products exports/total exports | Positive | 0.008 | 0.029 | 0.018 | ||
Marine technology subsystem | Marine technology innovation input | Investment in marine scientific research/GOP | Positive | 0.028 | 0.033 | 0.031 |
Marine technology activities/total number of employed in marine-related activities | Positive | 0.029 | 0.033 | 0.031 | ||
Marine technology innovation output | Number of marine new product development projects | Positive | 0.025 | 0.028 | 0.026 | |
Marine technology innovation efficiency | Amount invention patents authorized/Amount of invention patent applications of marine | Positive | 0.036 | 0.028 | 0.032 | |
Marine technology kinetic energy | Offshore wind power projects | Positive | 0.027 | 0.016 | 0.021 | |
Marine research and education management services/GOP | Positive | 0.014 | 0.031 | 0.023 | ||
Marine ecological subsystem | Marine ecological conditions | Mariculture area | Positive | 0.010 | 0.031 | 0.020 |
Marine ecological efficiency | Marine unit GOP energy consumption | Negative | 0.039 | 0.031 | 0.035 | |
Mariculture production/area of confirmed marine area | Positive | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.033 | ||
Marine ecological pressure | Storm surge affected the area | Negative | 0.033 | 0.022 | 0.027 | |
Amount of domestic and foreign tourists received by the coastal areas | Positive | 0.036 | 0.022 | 0.029 | ||
Marine ecological protection | Number of marine-type nature reserves | Positive | 0.014 | 0.023 | 0.019 | |
Marine ecological restoration project management | Positive | 0.023 | 0.029 | 0.026 | ||
Marine environmental protection fiscal budget expenditure/fiscal expenditure | Positive | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.036 | ||
Marine society subsystem | Marine city construction | Greening coverage of built-up areas in marine area | Positive | 0.015 | 0.020 | 0.018 |
The number of berths for production terminals (10,000 tons) in ports above the scale | Positive | 0.028 | 0.020 | 0.024 | ||
Marine residents’ quality of life | Social insurance participation rate in marine area | Positive | 0.028 | 0.038 | 0.033 | |
Number of public buses and trams operating per 10,000 people in marine area | Positive | 0.029 | 0.019 | 0.024 | ||
Marine residents’ consumption level | Consumption expenditure in marine areas/GOP | Positive | 0.008 | 0.024 | 0.016 | |
Marine residents’ consumption structure | Per capita food consumption expenditure in marine area | Negative | 0.036 | 0.032 | 0.034 | |
Per capita consumption expenditure on education, culture, and entertainment in marine area | Positive | 0.054 | 0.016 | 0.035 | ||
Marine culture subsystem | Marine institutional culture | Government–market relations index | Negative | 0.010 | 0.021 | 0.016 |
Number of marine forecast alert services | Positive | 0.028 | 0.017 | 0.023 | ||
Marine policy and regulatory documents issued | Positive | 0.044 | 0.027 | 0.036 | ||
Marine spiritual culture | Students enrolled in the marine specialty (including master’s degree and doctoral degree) | Positive | 0.038 | 0.025 | 0.031 | |
Marine material culture | Number of public library collections per capita in marine area | Positive | 0.038 | 0.019 | 0.028 | |
Fixed investment in the marine culture industry/social fixed asset investment | Positive | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.020 | ||
Publication of marine science and technology works | Positive | 0.023 | 0.015 | 0.019 |
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Sun, Z.; Guan, H.; Zhao, A. Research on the Synergistic Effect of the Composite System for High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy in China. Systems 2023, 11, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060282
Sun Z, Guan H, Zhao A. Research on the Synergistic Effect of the Composite System for High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy in China. Systems. 2023; 11(6):282. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060282
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Zhenzhen, Hongjun Guan, and Aiwu Zhao. 2023. "Research on the Synergistic Effect of the Composite System for High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy in China" Systems 11, no. 6: 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060282