Developing an Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Theory
2.1. Enterprise Niche
2.2. Ecostate and Ecorole Theory
2.3. Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche
3. An Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche
3.1. Design Principles of Index System
3.2. Selection of Indicators
3.2.1. Selection of Ecostate Dimension Indicators
- (1)
- Market environment factor
- (2)
- Industrial environment factors
- (3)
- Human resources factor
- (4)
- Technical resources factor
3.2.2. Selection of Ecorole Dimension Indicators
- (1)
- Policy environment factor
- (2)
- Innovation decision-making ability factor
- (3)
- Resource accessibility factor
- (4)
- Technical management capability factor
4. Reliability and Validity Test
4.1. Data and Sample
4.2. Reliability Test
4.3. Validity Test
5. Evaluation Model
5.1. Evaluation Model for Ecostate
5.1.1. Index Weight
5.1.2. Model Building
5.2. Evaluation Model for Ecorole
5.3. Evaluation Model for Enterprise Niche
6. Empirical Research
6.1. Selection of a Sample
6.2. Measure of Ecostate
6.3. Measure of Ecorole
6.4. Measure of Enterprise Niche
7. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Ecological Factors | Evaluation Index |
---|---|---|
1. Ecostate | 1.1 Market environment factor | 1.1.1 Stability of consumer group |
1.1.2 Market credit | ||
1.1.3 Fairness, justice, and openness of market supervision | ||
1.2 Industrial environment factor | 1.2.1 Scale of industrial technology association | |
1.2.2 Integration of industrial chain | ||
1.2.3 Perfection of industrial technology platform constructed by enterprises | ||
1.2.4 Perfection of industrial technology platform constructed by government | ||
1.3 Human resources factor | 1.3.1 Capability of R&D team | |
1.3.2 Proportion of R&D personnel | ||
1.3.3 Proportion of managers with R&D background | ||
1.3.4 Frequency of R&D personnel training | ||
1.4 Technical resources factor | 1.4.1 Numbers of patents and know-how | |
1.4.2 Per capita patent ownership rate | ||
1.4.3 R&D success rate | ||
2. Ecorole | 2.1 Policy environment factor | 2.1.1 Impact of financial policy |
2.1.2 Impact of tax policy | ||
2.1.3 Impact of IPR policy | ||
2.1.4 Impact of technology incentives | ||
2.2 Innovation decision-making ability factor | 2.2.1 Senior decision makers’ consciousness of technical innovation | |
2.2.2 Senior decision makers’ tolerance for risk and failure | ||
2.2.3 Senior decision makers’ ability to predict and evaluate technological innovation | ||
2.3 Resource accessibility factor | 2.3.1 Cooperation with government departments | |
2.3.2 Cooperation with research institutes | ||
2.3.3 Cooperation with venture capital institutions | ||
2.3.4 Cooperation with entrepreneurial support organizations | ||
2.4 Technical Management Capability Factor | 2.4.1 Incentive of corporate compensation system for technological innovation | |
2.4.2 Incentive of corporate promotion system for technological innovation | ||
2.4.3 Technical cooperation in R&D, manufacturing, and marketing | ||
2.4.4 Technical cooperation with other enterprises |
Background Information of Sample Enterprise | Frequency | Frequency Ratio (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Industry involved | Electronic information | 55 | 28.57 |
Bioindustry | 48 | 25.71 | |
New material | 16 | 8.42 | |
New energy | 16 | 8.42 | |
Manufacturing | 26 | 13.68 | |
High-tech service industry | 20 | 10.5 | |
other | 9 | 4.7 |
Variable Name | Reliability Coefficient | Reference Values |
---|---|---|
Market environment factor | 0.747 | α ≥ 0.650 |
Industrial environment factor | 0.884 | |
Human resources factor | 0.784 | |
Technical resources factor | 0.746 | |
Policy environment factor | 0.747 | |
Innovation decision-making ability factor | 0.820 | |
Resource accessibility factor | 0.751 | |
Technical management capability factor | 0.867 | |
Total reliability | 0.908 | α ≥ 0.800 |
Variable Name | KMO Values | Sig | Reference Values |
---|---|---|---|
Market environment factor | 0.613 | 0.000 | KMO Value ≥ 0.6 |
Industrial environment factor | 0.817 | 0.000 | |
Human resources factor | 0.67 | 0.000 | |
Technical resources factor | 0.684 | 0.000 | |
Policy environment factor | 0.709 | 0.000 | |
Innovation decision-making ability factor | 0.713 | 0.000 | |
Resource accessibility factor | 0.673 | 0.000 | |
Technical management capability factor | 0.730 | 0.000 | |
Total Validity | 0.856 | 0.000 |
Dimension | Ecological Factors | Weight ri | Evaluation Index | Weight rij |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Ecostate (ES) | 1.1 Market environment factor (ES1) | r1 = 0.154 | 1.1.1 Stability of consumer group (ES11) | r11 = 0.429 |
1.1.2 Market credit (ES12) | r12 = 0.142 | |||
1.1.3 Fairness, justice, and openness of market supervision (ES13) | r13 = 0.429 | |||
1.2 Industrial environment factor (ES2) | r2 = 0.069 | 1.2.1 Scale of industrial technology association (ES21) | r21 = 0.375 | |
1.2.2 Integration of industrial chain (ES22) | r22 = 0.125 | |||
1.2.3 Perfection of industrial technology platform constructed by enterprises (ES23) | r23 = 0.125 | |||
1.2.4 Perfection of industrial technology platform constructed by government (ES24) | r24 = 0.375 | |||
1.3 Human resources factor (ES3) | r3 = 0.389 | 1.3.1 Capability of R&D team (ES31) | r31 = 0.195 | |
1.3.2 Proportion of R&D personnel (ES32) | r32 = 0.504 | |||
1.3.3 Proportion of managers with R&D background (ES33) | r33 = 0.195 | |||
1.3.4 Frequency of R&D personnel training (ES34) | r34 = 0.106 | |||
1.4 Technical resources factor (ES4) | r4 = 0.389 | 1.4.1 Numbers of patents and know-how (ES41) | r41 = 0.142 | |
1.4.2 Per capita patent ownership rate (ES42) | r42 = 0.429 | |||
1.4.3 R&D success rate (ES43) | r41 = 0.429 |
Name | ES1 | ES2 | ES3 | ES4 | Ecostate | Name | ES1 | ES2 | ES3 | ES4 | Ecostate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | 1 | 0.625 | 0.728 | 0.893 | 0.827 | E16 | 0.750 | 0.656 | 0.925 | 0.715 | 0.798 |
E2 | 0.607 | 0.500 | 0.777 | 0.607 | 0.666 | E17 | 1.000 | 0.656 | 0.571 | 0.465 | 0.602 |
E3 | 0.500 | 0.438 | 0.549 | 0.500 | 0.515 | E18 | 0.750 | 0.281 | 0.522 | 0.357 | 0.477 |
E4 | 0.678 | 0.500 | 0.774 | 0.893 | 0.787 | E19 | 0.786 | 0.500 | 0.925 | 0.607 | 0.751 |
E5 | 0.750 | 0.344 | 0.598 | 0.786 | 0.677 | E20 | 0.571 | 0.844 | 0.598 | 0.643 | 0.629 |
E6 | 0.857 | 0.844 | 0.947 | 0.643 | 0.809 | E21 | 0.500 | 0.500 | 0.752 | 0.715 | 0.682 |
E7 | 0.536 | 0.656 | 0.898 | 0.357 | 0.616 | E22 | 0.536 | 0.500 | 0.474 | 0.500 | 0.496 |
E8 | 0.500 | 0.594 | 0.445 | 0.465 | 0.472 | E23 | 0.643 | 0.563 | 0.646 | 0.500 | 0.584 |
E9 | 0.643 | 0.281 | 0.575 | 0.393 | 0.495 | E24 | 0.750 | 0.750 | 0.825 | 0.715 | 0.766 |
E10 | 0.857 | 0.719 | 0.598 | 0.715 | 0.692 | E25 | 0.536 | 0.250 | 0.451 | 0.357 | 0.414 |
E11 | 0.607 | 0.563 | 1.000 | 0.465 | 0.702 | E26 | 0.536 | 0.594 | 0.750 | 0.822 | 0.735 |
E12 | 0.893 | 0.906 | 0.695 | 0.893 | 0.828 | E27 | 0.428 | 0.500 | 0.746 | 0.250 | 0.488 |
E13 | 0.965 | 0.500 | 0.679 | 0.571 | 0.669 | E28 | 0.428 | 0.750 | 0.701 | 0.571 | 0.613 |
E14 | 0.643 | 0.406 | 0.376 | 0.500 | 0.468 | E29 | 0.643 | 0.531 | 0.527 | 0.465 | 0.521 |
E15 | 0.750 | 0.250 | 0.728 | 0.715 | 0.694 | E30 | 0.500 | 0.281 | 0.701 | 0.786 | 0.675 |
Name | ER1 | ER2 | ER3 | ES4 | Ecorole | Name | ER1 | ER2 | ER3 | ES4 | Ecorole |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | 0.918 | 1 | 0.918 | 0.918 | 0.958 | E16 | 0.700 | 1.000 | 0.798 | 0.912 | 0.837 |
E2 | 0.893 | 0.834 | 0.695 | 0.912 | 0.913 | E17 | 0.967 | 0.946 | 0.927 | 0.917 | 0.981 |
E3 | 0.729 | 0.946 | 0.901 | 0.803 | 0.854 | E18 | 0.832 | 0.834 | 0.375 | 0.844 | 0.783 |
E4 | 0.901 | 0.878 | 0.946 | 0.835 | 0.949 | E19 | 0.949 | 0.946 | 0.890 | 0.912 | 0.971 |
E5 | 0.844 | 0.946 | 0.803 | 0.873 | 0.919 | E20 | 0.750 | 0.902 | 0.928 | 0.843 | 0.866 |
E6 | 0.898 | 0.946 | 0.904 | 0.944 | 0.947 | E21 | 0.729 | 0.781 | 0.500 | 0.825 | 0.841 |
E7 | 0.803 | 0.902 | 0.890 | 0.844 | 0.896 | E22 | 0.930 | 0.834 | 0.873 | 0.803 | 0.941 |
E8 | 0.775 | 0.946 | 0.227 | 0.751 | 0.690 | E23 | 0.913 | 0.779 | 0.930 | 0.861 | 0.920 |
E9 | 0.821 | 0.902 | 0.741 | 0.825 | 0.966 | E24 | 0.912 | 0.834 | 0.917 | 0.930 | 0.941 |
E10 | 0.873 | 1.000 | 0.838 | 0.912 | 0.934 | E25 | 0.736 | 0.834 | 0.541 | 0.844 | 0.858 |
E11 | 0.969 | 0.946 | 0.838 | 0.912 | 0.957 | E26 | 0.944 | 0.849 | 0.854 | 0.803 | 0.947 |
E12 | 1.000 | 0.946 | 0.950 | 0.986 | 0.982 | E27 | 0.912 | 0.834 | 0.817 | 0.825 | 0.941 |
E13 | 0.649 | 1.000 | 0.927 | 0.930 | 0.805 | E28 | 0.935 | 0.946 | 0.912 | 0.944 | 0.967 |
E14 | 0.835 | 0.946 | 0.524 | 0.884 | 0.851 | E29 | 0.854 | 0.834 | 0.850 | 0.821 | 0.924 |
E15 | 0.912 | 0.834 | 0.872 | 0.821 | 0.941 | E30 | 0.854 | 0.902 | 0.828 | 0.821 | 0.924 |
Name | Ecostate | Ecorole | Enterprise Niche | Name | Ecostate | Ecorole | Enterprise Niche |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | 0.827 | 0.958 | 2.743 | E16 | 0.798 | 0.837 | 2.472 |
E2 | 0.666 | 0.913 | 2.493 | E17 | 0.602 | 0.981 | 2.564 |
E3 | 0.515 | 0.854 | 2.222 | E18 | 0.477 | 0.783 | 2.042 |
E4 | 0.787 | 0.949 | 2.686 | E19 | 0.751 | 0.971 | 2.694 |
E5 | 0.677 | 0.919 | 2.515 | E20 | 0.629 | 0.866 | 2.361 |
E6 | 0.809 | 0.947 | 2.703 | E21 | 0.682 | 0.841 | 2.364 |
E7 | 0.616 | 0.896 | 2.408 | E22 | 0.496 | 0.941 | 2.378 |
E8 | 0.472 | 0.690 | 1.852 | E23 | 0.584 | 0.920 | 2.424 |
E9 | 0.495 | 0.966 | 2.307 | E24 | 0.766 | 0.941 | 2.648 |
E10 | 0.692 | 0.934 | 2.560 | E25 | 0.414 | 0.858 | 2.130 |
E11 | 0.702 | 0.957 | 2.616 | E26 | 0.735 | 0.947 | 2.629 |
E12 | 0.828 | 0.982 | 2.782 | E27 | 0.488 | 0.941 | 2.370 |
E13 | 0.669 | 0.805 | 2.279 | E28 | 0.613 | 0.967 | 2.547 |
E14 | 0.468 | 0.851 | 2.169 | E29 | 0.521 | 0.924 | 2.370 |
E15 | 0.694 | 0.941 | 2.576 | E30 | 0.675 | 0.924 | 2.523 |
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Hu, R.; Conway, S.; Zhang, G.; Liu, X.; Chen, C. Developing an Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche. Systems 2023, 11, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010037
Hu R, Conway S, Zhang G, Liu X, Chen C. Developing an Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche. Systems. 2023; 11(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Renjie, Steve Conway, Guangyu Zhang, Xueying Liu, and Chen Chen. 2023. "Developing an Evaluation Index System for Enterprise Niche" Systems 11, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11010037