Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Study Design
2.2. Anthropometry
2.3. Bioelectric Impedance Vector Analysis
2.4. Maturity Status
2.5. Relative Age Effect (RAE)
2.6. Motor Tests
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Maturity Status (MS)
3.2. Relative Age Effect (RAE)
3.3. Bioimpedance Vector Analysis (BIVA)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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∆ Bologna-Russi U12 | ∆ Bologna-Russi U13 | ∆ Bologna-Russi U14 | ∆ Bologna-Russi U15 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maturity | Z or χ2 | p | RR | Z or χ2 | p | RR | Z or χ2 | p | RR | Z or χ2 | p | RR |
E | 0.232 | 0.817 | 1.067 | 1.065 | 0.287 | 1.556 | −0.423 | 0.6725 | 0.817 | 0.359 | 0.717 | 1.174 |
L | 0.752 | 0.452 | 1.778 | 1.630 | 0.103 | 2.444 | 0.11 | 0.912 | 1.050 | −0.482 | 0.630 | 0.783 |
OT | −0.424 | 0.671 | 0.667 | 0.178 | 0.859 | 0.500 | 0.269 | 0.788 | 1.089 | 0.092 | 0.926 | 1.043 |
Total | 1.263 | 0.532 | 3.871 | 0.144 | 0.181 | 0.913 | 0.2531 | 0.881 | ||||
RAE | ||||||||||||
Q1 | 2.505 | 0.012 * | 3.259 | 1.152 | 0.249 | 1.778 | 1.302 | 0.192 | 1.487 | 0.474 | 0.635 | 1.196 |
Q2 | −1.007 | 0.317 | 0.533 | −0.463 | 0.644 | 0.741 | −0.710 | 0.478 | 0.7 | 0.128 | 0.898 | 1.087 |
Q3 | −1.449 | 0.147 | 0.355 | 0.856 | 0.392 | 1.778 | −0.710 | 0.478 | 0.7 | 0.626 | 0.531 | 1.956 |
Q4 | −0.628 | 0.530 | 0.593 | −2.071 | 0.038 * | 0.222 | −0.259 | 0.796 | 0.7 | −1.129 | 0.258 | 0.5 |
Total | 6.462 | 0.091 | 5.161 | 0.160 | 1.705 | 0.636 | 1.462 | 0.691 |
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Toselli, S.; Mauro, M.; Grigoletto, A.; Cataldi, S.; Benedetti, L.; Nanni, G.; Di Miceli, R.; Aiello, P.; Gallamini, D.; Fischetti, F.; et al. Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels. Biology 2022, 11, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111559
Toselli S, Mauro M, Grigoletto A, Cataldi S, Benedetti L, Nanni G, Di Miceli R, Aiello P, Gallamini D, Fischetti F, et al. Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels. Biology. 2022; 11(11):1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111559
Chicago/Turabian StyleToselli, Stefania, Mario Mauro, Alessia Grigoletto, Stefania Cataldi, Luca Benedetti, Gianni Nanni, Riccardo Di Miceli, Paolo Aiello, Davide Gallamini, Francesco Fischetti, and et al. 2022. "Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels" Biology 11, no. 11: 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111559
APA StyleToselli, S., Mauro, M., Grigoletto, A., Cataldi, S., Benedetti, L., Nanni, G., Di Miceli, R., Aiello, P., Gallamini, D., Fischetti, F., & Greco, G. (2022). Maturation Selection Biases and Relative Age Effect in Italian Soccer Players of Different Levels. Biology, 11(11), 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111559