Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish-Holding Conditions
2.2. Critical Swimming Speed Tests (Ucrit), Estimation of Metabolic Traits, and Cost of Transport
2.3. EMG Analysis: Monitoring of the Red and White Muscle Activities during the Ucrit Trial
2.4. Implantation of Accelerometer Tags: Recording Fish Acceleration during the Ucrit Trial
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Critical Swimming Speed (Ucrit), Estimation of the Metabolic Traits, and COT
3.2. Red and White Muscle Activation Patterns during the Critical Swimming Test
3.3. Correlation of Acceleration Recorded by the Tags with the MO2
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | n | Mass (g) | Total Length (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
Untagged | 25 | 590.39 ± 195.05 | 328.36 ± 41.78 |
Tagged | 27 | 647.27 ± 224.85 | 342.93 ± 47.5 |
EMG | 27 | 631.07 ± 205.67 | 340.77 ± 44.88 |
Total | 79 | 623.73 ± 207.91 | 337.58 ± 44.74 |
EMG Signal—Red Muscle | ||||
Parameter | Estimate | Std. error | t Value | p Value |
Asym | 101.203 | 4.600 | 22.001 | <0.001 |
xmid | 41.604 | 2.893 | 14.381 | <0.001 |
scal | 21.853 | 2.556 | 8.549 | <0.001 |
EMG Signal—White Muscle | ||||
Parameter | Estimate | Std. error | t Value | p Value |
α | 3.938 | 0.731 | 5.383 | <0.001 |
β | 0.031 | 0.002 | 15.467 | <0.001 |
Asym—Linear Regression | ||||
Parameter | Estimate | Std. error | t Value | p Value |
(intercept) | 696.79 | 38.28 | 18.20 | <0.001 |
Mass | −0.34 | 0.06 | −5.74 | <0.001 |
Calibration model—SSlogis | ||||
Parameter | Estimate | Std. error | t value | p value |
xmid | 34.43 | 1.01 | 33.9 | <0.001 |
scal | 19.36 | 1.33 | 14.51 | <0.001 |
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Alfonso, S.; Zupa, W.; Spedicato, M.T.; Lembo, G.; Carbonara, P. Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture. Biology 2021, 10, 1357. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121357
Alfonso S, Zupa W, Spedicato MT, Lembo G, Carbonara P. Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture. Biology. 2021; 10(12):1357. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121357
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfonso, Sébastien, Walter Zupa, Maria Teresa Spedicato, Giuseppe Lembo, and Pierluigi Carbonara. 2021. "Mapping the Energetic Costs of Free-Swimming Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), a Key Species in European Marine Aquaculture" Biology 10, no. 12: 1357. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121357