Microstructure and Microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Cold Spraying Combined with Postannealing Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Powder and Coating Preparation
2.2. Annealing Treatment
2.3. Microstructure Characterization and Microhardness of Coatings
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure of the As-Sprayed Ni/Al-TiB2 Coatings
3.2. Microhardness of As-Sprayed Ni/Al-TiB2 Coatings
3.3. Phase Compositions of Feedstock Powder and As-Sprayed Ni/Al-TiB2 Coatings
3.4. XRD Patterns of the Annealed Ni/Al-TiB2 Coatings
3.5. Microstructure, Compositionand Porosity, and Microhardness of the Annealed Ni/Al-Tib2 coatings
4. Conclusions
- The average surface roughness values of the coatings dropped from 8.66 ± 0.73 to 6.17 ± 0.88 μm as the spraying gas temperature increased.
- The average porosities of the coatings as-sprayed at gas temperatures of 250 and 450 °C were 0.68% and 0.054%, respectively. The average contents of Ni, Al, and TiB2 in the as-sprayed coating increased as the spraying gas temperature increased. The average contents of Ni, Al, and TiB2 in the coating as-sprayed at 450 °C were 32.66 ± 1.87, 54.93 ± 3.61, and 12.41 ± 1.13 vol %, respectively.
- Owing to the reinforcing role of TiB2 particles, the microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 coatings was higher than that of Ni/Al coatings. The microhardness of the coatings increased as the spraying gas temperature increased. The highest microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 coatings as-sprayed at 450 °C was 475.26 ± 31.21 HV0.3.
- Due to the low processing temperature of cold spraying, the main phase compositions of the as-sprayed Ni/Al-TiB2 coatings were Ni, Al, and TiB2 phases with no oxides or nickel aluminum intermetallic phases. FWHMs of Ni and Al diffraction peaks indicated that Ni and Al particles underwent a certain plastic deformation upon high-speed impact.
- The combined XRD and EDS analysis results for the annealed coatings after annealing at 650 °C for 10, 20, and 30 h revealed that NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 intermetallic compounds were in situ synthesized in all of the annealed coatings.
- By analyzing the microstructure of the annealed coatings, Al phase gradually decreased with the diffusion reaction occurring. Further, TiB2 particles changed from the comparative more distribution to the accumulation in the coating due to the continuous formation and growth of NiAl intermetallics.
- The porosity of the annealed coatings increased as the annealing times and spraying gas temperatures increased. Due to the increased amount of TiB2-reinforced particles and NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 intermetallic compounds, it led to larger volume change and much more accumulation of TiB2 particles to form more pores in the annealed coating as-sprayed at 450 °C.
- The microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 coating as-sprayed at 450 °C and annealed at 650 °C for 10 h was the highest (701 ± 50 HV0.3) compared with the other coatings, however, the microhardness of the annealed coating gradually decreased as the porosity of the annealed coatings increased.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coating Types | Specimens | Average Value (μm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
Coating sprayed at 250 °C | 8.56 | 9.15 | 8.78 | 7.46 | 9.33 | 8.66 ± 0.73 |
Coating sprayed at 450 °C | 6.73 | 7.25 | 5.36 | 6.28 | 5.21 | 6.17 ± 0.88 |
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Chen, X.; Li, C.; Xu, S.; Hu, Y.; Ji, G.; Wang, H. Microstructure and Microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Cold Spraying Combined with Postannealing Treatment. Coatings 2019, 9, 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090565
Chen X, Li C, Xu S, Hu Y, Ji G, Wang H. Microstructure and Microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Cold Spraying Combined with Postannealing Treatment. Coatings. 2019; 9(9):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090565
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xiao, Chengdi Li, Shunjian Xu, Yao Hu, Gangchang Ji, and Hongtao Wang. 2019. "Microstructure and Microhardness of Ni/Al-TiB2 Composite Coatings Prepared by Cold Spraying Combined with Postannealing Treatment" Coatings 9, no. 9: 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090565