Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping

Liu, Zhaoxian; Su, Qingjia; Wang, Pu; Zhao, Wenzhen; Fu, Ao; He, Huan

doi:10.3390/coatings15050541

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.

Open AccessArticle

Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping

by

Zhaoxian Liu

^1,†,

Qingjia Su

^2,†,

Pu Wang

^1,3,4,

Wenzhen Zhao

^1,3,4,

Ao Fu

^5,* and

Huan He

^1,3,4,*

¹

College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

²

College of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China

³

Shandong Key Laboratory of Special Metallic Materials for Nuclear Equipment, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

⁴

Yantai Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Irradiation Technology, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

⁵

State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Coatings 2025, 15(5), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050541

Submission received: 23 March 2025 / Revised: 25 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025

Download Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, the dissimilar joining of aluminum to high-melting-point alloys, including steel, titanium, and copper, was successfully achieved through hot-dipping. By precisely controlling the dipping temperature at 670 °C and maintaining a dipping time of 5 seconds, uniform aluminum layers with a thickness of 3–4 mm were successfully formed on the surfaces of high-melting-point alloys. This process enabled effective dissimilar metal joining between Al/steel, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu. Metallurgical bonding at the joining interfaces was achieved through the formation of uniform intermetallic compounds, specifically Fe4Al13, TiAl3, Al2Cu, and Al3Cu4, respectively. The different joints exhibited varying mechanical properties: the Al/Cu joint demonstrated the highest shear strength at 79.1 MPa, while the Fe4Al13-containing joint exhibited the highest hardness, reaching 604.4 HV. Numerical simulations revealed that an obvious decrease in interfacial temperature triggered the solidification and growth of the aluminum layer. Additionally, the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the high-melting-point alloys were found to significantly influence the thickness of the aluminum layer. The hot-dip joining technology is well suited for dissimilar metal bonding involving large contact areas and significant differences in melting points.

Keywords: hot dipping; dissimilar joining; Al/Steel; Al/Ti; Al/Cu

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Z.; Su, Q.; Wang, P.; Zhao, W.; Fu, A.; He, H. Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping. Coatings 2025, 15, 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050541

AMA Style

Liu Z, Su Q, Wang P, Zhao W, Fu A, He H. Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping. Coatings. 2025; 15(5):541. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050541

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Zhaoxian, Qingjia Su, Pu Wang, Wenzhen Zhao, Ao Fu, and Huan He. 2025. "Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping" Coatings 15, no. 5: 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050541

APA Style

Liu, Z., Su, Q., Wang, P., Zhao, W., Fu, A., & He, H. (2025). Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping. Coatings, 15(5), 541. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050541

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum to High-Melting-Point Alloys by Hot Dipping

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI