Chemical Bonding of Biomolecules to the Surface of Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Enhance Its Bioactivity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- The coating may produce morphological changes at the surfaces nHA (Figure 2a) that will influence surface roughness, which improves the mechanical properties of bone and help in stimulating the activity of cells;
- (b)
- (c)
2. Bioactivity of Scaffolds Having Nanohydroxyapatite Particles Modified with Natural Molecules or Drugs
2.1. Bioactivity of nHA Particles Modified Chemically with Natural Molecules
2.2. Drug-Releasing Orthopedic Implants Having Chemically Bonded Drugs at the Surface of nHA
3. Bioactivity of Scaffolds Having Small Molecules/Proteins-Modified nHA
3.1. Biological Activity of Scaffolds Having Collagen Modified nHA
3.2. Biological Activity of Scaffolds Having Gelatin-Modified nHA
3.3. Bioactivity of Scaffolds Having Insulin-Modified nHA
3.4. Biological Activity of Scaffolds Having BMPs-Modified nHA
3.5. Bioactivity of Scaffolds Having nHA Modified with Miscellaneous Molecules
3.6. Effect of Irradiation on Antibacterials and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Particles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bisphosphonates | Carrier | Applications | References |
---|---|---|---|
Zoledronate | HA | Osteoporotic bone around implants | Peter et al. [40] |
-do- | -do- | Bone resorption around osteoporotic implants | Tanzer et al. [41] |
-do- | -do- | -do- | Peter et al. [41] |
-do- | -do- | -do- | Roussie et al. [38] |
Ibandronate | -do- | -do- | Kurth et al. [39] |
(3-Dimethylamino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-P-C-P | -do- | Alveolar bone destruction in periodontal diseases | Denisen et al. [37] |
Pamidronate | -do- | Osteoporosis | Haider et al. [28], Shin et al. [26] |
[Ions] at Plane | Solution pH | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.5 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 12.3 | 14.0 | |
Ca2+ nm−2 (100) | 2.16 | 2.58 | 2.88 | 3.25 | 3.61 |
Ca2+ nm−2 (001) | 0.37 | 1.79 | 2.48 | 3.41 | 4.35 |
PO43− nm−2 (100) | 1.44 | 1.44 | 1.44 | 1.44 | 1.44 |
PO43− nm−2 (001) | 3.45 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 3.73 |
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Kang, S.; Haider, A.; Gupta, K.C.; Kim, H.; Kang, I. Chemical Bonding of Biomolecules to the Surface of Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Enhance Its Bioactivity. Coatings 2022, 12, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070999
Kang S, Haider A, Gupta KC, Kim H, Kang I. Chemical Bonding of Biomolecules to the Surface of Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Enhance Its Bioactivity. Coatings. 2022; 12(7):999. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070999
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Sohee, Adnan Haider, Kailash Chandra Gupta, Hun Kim, and Innkyu Kang. 2022. "Chemical Bonding of Biomolecules to the Surface of Nano-Hydroxyapatite to Enhance Its Bioactivity" Coatings 12, no. 7: 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070999