Technological and Environmental Behaviour of Traditional Ceramic Bodies Obtained by Recycling of Two Types of Residues
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ceramic Clay | |
SiO2 | 52.59 (%) |
Al2O3 | 15.85 (%) |
Fe2O3 | 5.95 (%) |
CaO | 12.29 (%) |
MgO | 1.95 (%) |
Na2O | 0.373 (%) |
K2O | 5.20 (%) |
P2O5 | 0.225 (%) |
Total SO3 | 0.650 (%) |
O.M. 500 °C | 2.00 (%) |
LOI (1000 °C) | 12.20 (%) |
CaCO3 | 26.00 (%) |
SO42− (solubles) | 4420 (ppm) |
Cl− (solubles) | 139.90 (ppm) |
MSW Fly Ash | |
O.M. 500 °C | 42.50 (%) |
LOI (1000 °C) | 63.97 (%) |
CaCO3 | 8.96 (%) |
SO42− (solubles) | 8055 (ppm) |
Cl− (solubles) | 739.1 (ppm) |
SiO2 | 12.55 (%) |
Al2O3 | 45.30 (%) |
Fe | 9281 (mg/kg) |
Ca | 57 (mg/kg) |
Mg | 43 (mg/kg) |
Na | 1231 (mg/kg) |
K | 2325 (mg/kg) |
P | 32.36 (mg/kg) |
Cu | 91 (mg/kg) |
Zn | 166 (mg/kg) |
Pb | 49 (mg/kg) |
Hg | 0.25(mg/kg) |
As | 0.22 (mg/kg) |
Cd | 3.38 (mg/kg) |
Cu-Slag | |
SiO2 | 51.07 (%) |
Fe2O3 | 17.19 (%) |
CaO | 18.33 (%) |
MgO | 1.10 (%) |
K2O | 2.19 (%) |
CuO | 0.92 (%) |
SO3 | 0.15 (%) |
Al2O3 | 8.95 (%) |
Zn | 0.20 (%) |
Co3O4 | 0.08 (%) |
PbO | 0.31(%) |
As2O3 | 0.49 (%) |
LOI | −1.17 (%) |
Tmax: 900 °C Added By-Products (%) | As | Pb | pH Values |
---|---|---|---|
W | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
A | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 7.7 ± 0.2 |
B | 0.73 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 7.9 ± 0.1 |
C | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.65 ± 0.03 | 8.1 ± 0.2 |
D | 1.2 ± 0.02 | 0.73 ± 0.01 | 8.5 ± 0.3 |
E | 1.3 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 8.7 ± 0.2 |
Tmax: 950 °C | |||
W | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 7.5 ± 0.3 |
A | 0.35 ± 0.05 | 0.09± 0.01 | 7.6 ± 0.4 |
B | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 7.8 ± 0.1 |
C | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 8.1 ± 0.3 |
D | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.01 | 8.2 ± 0.1 |
E | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 8.3 ± 0.2 |
Tmax: 1000 °C | |||
W | 0.11 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 7.4 ± 0.2 |
A | 0.14 ± 0.04 | <0.05 | 7.5 ± 0.1 |
B | 0.23 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 7.7 ± 0.1 |
C | 0.34 ± 0.04 | <0.05 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
D | 0.43 ± 0.01 | <0.05 | 8.1 ± 0.1 |
E | 0.49 ± 0.05 | <0.05 | 8.2 ± 0.3 |
Tmax: 1050 °C | |||
W | 0.04 ± 0.01 | <0.05 | 7.2 ± 0.1 |
A | 0.12 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 7.4 ± 0.2 |
B | 0.13 ± 0.02 | <0.05 | 7.6 ± 0.3 |
C | 0.19 ± 0.01 | <0.05 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
D | 0.23 ± 0.03 | <0.05 | 7.9 ± 0.1 |
E | 0.39 ± 0.04 | <0.05 | 7.8 ± 0.2 |
Inert wastes landfill | 0.5 | 0.5 | Limits regulated |
Non-hazardous wastes ladfill | 0.2 | 10 |
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Jordán, M.M.; Rincón López, J.M.; Almendro-Candel, M.B.; Navarro-Pedreño, J. Technological and Environmental Behaviour of Traditional Ceramic Bodies Obtained by Recycling of Two Types of Residues. Coatings 2022, 12, 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020221
Jordán MM, Rincón López JM, Almendro-Candel MB, Navarro-Pedreño J. Technological and Environmental Behaviour of Traditional Ceramic Bodies Obtained by Recycling of Two Types of Residues. Coatings. 2022; 12(2):221. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020221
Chicago/Turabian StyleJordán, Manuel Miguel, Jesús María Rincón López, María Belén Almendro-Candel, and José Navarro-Pedreño. 2022. "Technological and Environmental Behaviour of Traditional Ceramic Bodies Obtained by Recycling of Two Types of Residues" Coatings 12, no. 2: 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020221
APA StyleJordán, M. M., Rincón López, J. M., Almendro-Candel, M. B., & Navarro-Pedreño, J. (2022). Technological and Environmental Behaviour of Traditional Ceramic Bodies Obtained by Recycling of Two Types of Residues. Coatings, 12(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020221