Evaluation of Functionalized Coatings for the Prevention of Ice Accretion by Using Icing Wind Tunnel Tests
by
Pedro J. Rivero 1,2,*, Rafael J. Rodriguez 1,2
, Silvia Larumbe 3, María Monteserín 3, Francisco Martín 3, Amador García 4, Carolina Acosta 4, María José Clemente 4, Paloma García 5, Julio Mora 5 and Alina Agüero 5
Pedro J. Rivero 1,2,*, Rafael J. Rodriguez 1,2, Silvia Larumbe 3, María Monteserín 3, Francisco Martín 3, Amador García 4, Carolina Acosta 4, María José Clemente 4, Paloma García 5, Julio Mora 5 and Alina Agüero 5
1
UPNA—Department of Engineering, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
2
INAMAT—Institute for Advanced Materials, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
3
AIN—Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering, 31191 Cordovilla, Spain
4
AIMPLAS—Instituto Tecnológico del Plástico, València Parc Tecnològic, Calle Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
5
INTA—Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Área de Materiales Metálicos, Ctra. Ajalvir Km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 636; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070636
Received: 15 May 2020 / Revised: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 / Published: 30 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Icing Coatings and Surfaces)
Ice accretion presents serious safety issues, as airplanes are exposed to supercooled water droplets both on the ground and while flying through clouds in the troposphere. Prevention of icing is a main concern for both developers and users of aircraft. The successful solution of this problem implies the combination of active and passive methods and the use of advanced sensors for early detection of icing and monitoring of ice accretion and de-icing processes. This paper focuses on the development of passive solutions. These include advanced anti-icing coatings deposited by a variety of chemical methods including sol-gel, advanced paints based on polyester combined with fluorinated derivatives and applied by electrostatic spray deposition and conventional silicone-based paints modified by adding alumina nanoparticles. Water contact angle has been measured in all cases, demonstrating the hydrophobic character of the coatings. An ice accretion test has been carried out in a laboratory scale icing wind tunnel (IWT) located in a cold climate chamber. Three different studies have been undertaken: ice accretion measurement, durability of the anti-icing behavior after several icing/de-icing cycles and ice adhesion testing by means of the double lap shear test (DLST) methodology. All the studied coatings have shown significant anti-icing behavior which has been maintained, in some cases, beyond 25 cycles. Although these results are still far from any possible application for aeronautic components, they provide interesting insights for new developments and validate the laboratory scale tests.
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Keywords:
ice accretion; ice adhesion; icing wind tunnel; hydrophobicity; nanoparticles; coatings
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Rivero, P.J.; Rodriguez, R.J.; Larumbe, S.; Monteserín, M.; Martín, F.; García, A.; Acosta, C.; Clemente, M.J.; García, P.; Mora, J.; Agüero, A. Evaluation of Functionalized Coatings for the Prevention of Ice Accretion by Using Icing Wind Tunnel Tests. Coatings 2020, 10, 636.
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