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Correction: Saeed, A., et al. Incidence of Vancomycin-Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 3
Article

In Vitro Synergy of Pongamia pinnata Extract in Combination with Antibiotics for Inhibiting and Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

1
Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
2
Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
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Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
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Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
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Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
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Departments of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liou Ying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan
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Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tainan Branch, Tainan 71051, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2020, 9(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030103
Received: 6 January 2020 / Revised: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 February 2020 / Published: 29 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)
Aims: Currently, we face the serious problem of multiple drug-resistant pathogens. The development of new antimicrobial agents is very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as a source of alternative antibiotics or for enhancing antibiotic effectiveness is important. Methods: The antibacterial effects of aqueous extracts of the seed coat of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre in combination with several antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were tested by broth dilution, checkerboard, and time-kill methods. Results: For the combinations of P. pinnata with ampicillin, meropenem, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefpirome, and cefuroxime, 70% to 100% were synergistic, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of < 0.5. For the time-kill method with 0.5× minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of P. pinnata in combination with 8, 4, 2, and 1 µg mL−1 of the various antibiotics, almost all of the combinations showed synergistic effects, even with the lowest concentrations of P. pinnata, except for aztreonam. No antagonistic effect was observed for these combinations. Conclusions: Based on these findings, aqueous seed coat extracts of P. pinnata have good potential for the design of new antimicrobial agents. View Full-Text
Keywords: antibiotics; pharmaceuticals; resistance; staphylococcus; antimicrobial antibiotics; pharmaceuticals; resistance; staphylococcus; antimicrobial
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MDPI and ACS Style

Su, P.-A.; Li, S.-L.; Tang, H.-J.; Chen, C.-C.; Lu, Y.-C.; Cheng, K.-C.; Lin, Y.-C.; Chuang, Y.-C.; Lai, C.-C. In Vitro Synergy of Pongamia pinnata Extract in Combination with Antibiotics for Inhibiting and Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030103

AMA Style

Su P-A, Li S-L, Tang H-J, Chen C-C, Lu Y-C, Cheng K-C, Lin Y-C, Chuang Y-C, Lai C-C. In Vitro Synergy of Pongamia pinnata Extract in Combination with Antibiotics for Inhibiting and Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(3):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030103

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su, Po-An, Shun-Lai Li, Hung-Jen Tang, Chi-Chung Chen, Ying-Chen Lu, Kuo-Chen Cheng, Yi-Chung Lin, Yin-Ching Chuang, and Chih-Cheng Lai. 2020. "In Vitro Synergy of Pongamia pinnata Extract in Combination with Antibiotics for Inhibiting and Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" Antibiotics 9, no. 3: 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030103

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