Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Yield and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils
2.2. Antibacterial Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Essential Oil Extraction
4.3. GC/MS Analysis
4.4. Bacterial Strains
4.5. Screening for Antibacterial Activity
4.6. Determination of MIC and MBC
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component a | RI Calc. b | RI Lit. c | EO % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sétif | Mila | Bordj | M’sila | El Oued | |||
(2E)-Hexenal | 846 | 846 | d tr | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - |
3-Heptanone | 883 | 890 | tr | - | - | tr | - |
α-Thujene | 918 | 924 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
α-Pinene | 923 | 932 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Camphene | 936 | 946 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
Sabinene | 962 | 969 | tr | tr | tr | - | - |
β-Pinene | 965 | 974 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr |
1-Octen-3-ol | 972 | 974 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
3-Octanone | 982 | 979 | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr |
Myrcene | 985 | 988 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 |
3-Octanol | 994 | 988 | - | - | - | tr | - |
α-Phellandrene | 1000 | 1002 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
δ-3-Carene | 1005 | 1008 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
α-Terpinene | 1011 | 1014 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
p-Cymene | 1019 | 1025 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 8.5 | 13.9 | 11.6 |
Sylvestrene | 1022 | 1032 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
(Z)-β-Ocimene | 1034 | 1032 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
(E)-β-Ocimene | 1044 | 1044 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
γ-Terpinene | 1053 | 1054 | 21.8 | 19.4 | 9.8 | 14.2 | 13.4 |
cis-Sabinene hydrate | 1061 | 1065 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
(2Z)-Hexenal diethyl acetal | 1079 | 1081 | - | tr | - | tr | - |
Terpinolene | 1082 | 1086 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
p-Cymenene | 1084 | 1089 | - | - | tr | tr | - |
trans-Sabinene hydrate | 1093 | 1098 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
Linalool | 1097 | 1095 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
Borneol | 1158 | 1165 | tr | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr |
Terpinen-4-ol | 1170 | 1174 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
p-Cymen-8-ol | 1182 | 1179 | tr | tr | tr | 0.1 | - |
α-Terpineol | 1185 | 1186 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
cis-Dihydro carvone | 1192 | 1191 | - | - | tr | tr | - |
trans-Dihydro carvone | 1200 | 1200 | - | - | tr | - | - |
Thymol, methyl ether | 1231 | 1232 | 0.1 | 0.1 | tr | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Carvacrol, methyl ether | 1240 | 1241 | tr | tr | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Carvenone | 1258 | 1255 | tr | - | - | tr | - |
Thymol | 1295 | 1289 | 56.3 | 51.0 | 15.1 | 40.1 | 25.3 |
Carvacrol | 1301 | 1298 | 2.8 | 10.9 | 59.6 | 23.4 | 45.1 |
Thymol acetate | 1350 | 1349 | tr | - | - | tr | - |
Carvacrol acetate | 1367 | 1370 | - | - | - | tr | - |
(E)-Caryophyllene | 1403 | 1417 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
trans-α-Bergamotene | 1424 | 1432 | - | - | - | tr | - |
α-Humulene | 1436 | 1452 | tr | tr | tr | tr | - |
β-Bisabolene | 1495 | 1505 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | tr |
δ-Cadinene | 1507 | 1522 | - | - | - | tr | - |
β-Sesquiphellandrene | 1509 | 1521 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1562 | 1582 | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | - |
Grouped compounds (%) | |||||||
Monoteropene hydrocarbons | 37.9 | 35.1 | 21.9 | 32.2 | 28.2 | ||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 60.4 | 63.2 | 76.2 | 65.2 | 71.1 | ||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | ||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | tr | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | - | ||
Others | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.4 | ||
Number of identified compounds | 37 | 34 | 37 | 43 | 21 | ||
Total identified (%) | 99.9 | 99.9 | 99.9 | 99.8 | 100.0 |
City of Collection | EO Dilution | Inhibition Diameters (mm) ± SD | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacterial Strains Tested (Resistance Phenotypes) | |||||||||
E. coli 734 (ESBL) | E. coli 854 (ESBL) | E. coli 292 (ESBL) | E. coli 229 (ESBL) | E. coli 667 (ESBL + CRB) | E. coli 115 (COL R) | E. coli ATCC 25922 | E. coli J53 | ||
Sétif | Pure | 39.6 ± 0.77 | 34.8 ± 0.56 | 36.0 ± 1.34 | 31.2 ± 0.56 | 31.0 ± 1.41 | 32.1 ± 0.98 | 38.4 ± 0.84 | 38.2 ± 0.28 |
1/2 | 36.7 ± 0.56 | 33.5 ± 0.98 | 35.4 ± 0.63 | 31.0 ± 1.34 | 27.9 ± 0.56 | 30.7 ± 1.55 | 37.1 ± 0.98 | 36.4 ± 1.97 | |
1/10 | 14.6 ± 0.28 | 15.4 ± 0.28 | 15.6 ± 0.14 | 13.9 ± 00 | 12.0 ± 00 | 13.9 ± 0.56 | 17.9 ± 1.41 | 22.0 ± 00 | |
Mila | Pure | 38.5 ± 2.12 | 36.3 ± 0.7 | 34.9 ± 0.56 | 30.6 ± 2.47 | 32.6 ± 1.27 | 30.9 ± 0.42 | 39.6 ± 1.97 | 38.4 ± 1.69 |
1/2 | 37.4 ± 0.84 | 35.4 ± 0.28 | 33.1 ± 0.63 | 29.5 ± 0.56 | 30.9 ± 0.56 | 28.9 ± 0.98 | 37.4 ± 00 | 37.6 ± 0.28 | |
1/10 | - | 15.4 ± 0.84 | - | - | 11.9 ± 0.42 | 12.4 ± 0.28 | 18.6 ± 00 | 22.8 ± 0.84 | |
Bordj | Pure | 37.7 ± 0.56 | 35.5 ± 1.83 | 35.1 ± 0.98 | 32.6 ± 0.28 | 27.1 ± 00 | 26.3 ± 0.84 | 38.4 ± 0.84 | 37.6 ± 0.77 |
1/2 | 36.9 ± 00 | 34.0 ± 00 | 33.7 ± 0.56 | 30.1 ± 2.12 | 24.4 ± 0.28 | 25.6 ± 1.41 | 38.2 ± 00 | 35.6 ± 0.28 | |
1/10 | 17.2 ± 1.13 | 16.4 ± 0.56 | 17.3 ± 0.84 | 16.2 ± 00 | 12.1 ± 0.98 | 12.0 ± 0.28 | 21.8 ± 0.84 | 24.5 ± 1.83 | |
M’sila | Pure | 36.3 ± 1.55 | 35.5 ± 00 | 35.1 ± 0.98 | 32.1 ± 0.63 | 28.2 ± 0.28 | 24.6 ± 1.27 | 32.0 ± 0.28 | 36.2 ± 0.56 |
1/2 | 35.9 ± 1.27 | 32.3 ± 0.84 | 33.8 ± 00 | 29.9 ± 0.28 | 24.9 ± 0.42 | 23.6 ± 0.42 | 31.0 ± 0.28 | 32.4 ± 0.56 | |
1/10 | 15.0 ± 0.14 | 14.7 ± 0.28 | 15.5 ± 0.84 | 12.9 ± 00 | 10.8 ± 1.13 | 12.8 ± 00 | 12.8 ± 0.84 | 17.3 ± 0.84 | |
El Oued | Pure | 36.8 ± 0.28 | 32.6 ± 1.41 | 36.2 ± 00 | 30.4 ± 0.56 | 26.7 ± 0.56 | 26.3 ± 0.7 | 35.7 ± 1.55 | 34.6 ± 1.27 |
1/2 | 34.8 ± 0.84 | 32.3 ± 0.98 | 35.4 ± 0.56 | 28.5 ± 1.69 | 24.8 ± 0.28 | 23.0 ± 1.55 | 32.4 ± 00 | 32.7 ± 0.56 | |
1/10 | 14.8 ± 00 | 13.1 ± 0.98 | 16.7 ± 0.56 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Pure compounds | |||||||||
carvacrol | Pure | 36.0 ± 00 | 34.0 ± 0.7 | 34.5 ± 0.7 | 30.0 ± 00 | 31.5 ± 0.7 | 32.5 ± 0.7 | 36.5 ± 0.7 | 36.5 ± 0.7 |
1/2 | 30.5 ± 0.7 | 30.0 ± 00 | 31.0 ± 00 | 28.5 ± 0.7 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.5 ± 0.7 | 31.0 ± 00 | 30.5 ± 0.7 | |
1/10 | 28.0 ± 00 | 27.0 ± 00 | 28.5 ± 0.7 | 26.0 ± 00 | 26.0 ± 00 | 27.0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 00 | |
thymol | Pure | 34.5 ± 07 | 33.0 ± 00 | 34.0 ± 00 | 29.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 0.0 | 32.0 ± 00 | 35.0 ± 00 | 36.0 ± 00 |
1/2 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 0.7 | 28.0 ± 00 | 29.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.5 ± 07 | 31.0 ± 00 | |
1/10 | 27.0 ± 00 | 27..0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 0.7 | 26.5 ± 07 | 26.0 ± 00 | 27.0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 00 | |
p-cymene | Pure | 14.0 ± 00 | 14.0 ± 00 | 14.5 ± 0.7 | 12.0 ± 00 | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 14.0 ± 00 | 14.0 ± 00 | 14.0 ± 00 |
1/2 | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 12.0 ± 00 | 11.5 ± 0.7 | 10.0 ± 00 | 10.0 ± 00 | 12.0 ± 00 | 12.0 ± 00 | 11.5 ± 0.7 | |
1/10 | 10.0 ± 00 | 9.0 ± 00 | 10.0 ± 00 | - | - | 8.0 ± 00 | 10.0 ± 00 | 10.0 ± 00 | |
γ-terpinene | Pure | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1/2 | |||||||||
1/10 | |||||||||
carvacrol + p-cymene | 50/50 (%) (v/v) | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 29.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.5 ± 0.7 | 31.0 ± 00 |
thymol + p-cymene | 50/50 (%) (v/v) | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 28.0 ± 00 | 29.0 ± 00 | 30.0 ± 00 | 32.0 ± 00 | 31.0 ± 00 |
Gentamycin (+control) | 18.7 ± 0.21 | - | - | 17.3 ± 0.84 | - | 18.6 ± 0.63 | 21.4 ± 0.77 | 22.7 ± 0.91 | |
DMSO (-control) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
O. glandulosum Collection Site | MIC (MBC) mg/mL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli 734 | E. coli 854 | E. coli 292 | E. coli 229 | E. coli 667 | E. coli 115 | E. coli ATCC 25922 | E. coli J53 | |
Sétif | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
Mila | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
Bordj | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
M’sila | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
El Oued | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
Major bioactive components | ||||||||
carvacrol | 0.25 (0.25) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.25 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.25 (0.25) | 0.25 (0.25) |
thymol | 0.25 (0.25) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.25 (0.25) | 0.25 (0.25) |
p-cymene | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 | >2 |
Gentamycin mg/L | 2 | >4 | >4 | 2 | >4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
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Zakaria Nabti, L.; Sahli, F.; Laouar, H.; Olowo-okere, A.; Nkuimi Wandjou, J.G.; Maggi, F. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010029
Zakaria Nabti L, Sahli F, Laouar H, Olowo-okere A, Nkuimi Wandjou JG, Maggi F. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(1):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010029
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakaria Nabti, Larbi, Farida Sahli, Hocine Laouar, Ahmed Olowo-okere, Joice Guileine Nkuimi Wandjou, and Filippo Maggi. 2020. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates" Antibiotics 9, no. 1: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010029
APA StyleZakaria Nabti, L., Sahli, F., Laouar, H., Olowo-okere, A., Nkuimi Wandjou, J. G., & Maggi, F. (2020). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from the Algerian Endemic Origanum glandulosum Desf. against Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates. Antibiotics, 9(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010029