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Antibiotics
Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/antibiotics13111003
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Article

Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections

by
José Gutiérrez-Fernández
1,*,
Laura Cerezo-Collado
2,
Víctor Garcés
2,
Pablo Alarcón-Guijo
2,
José M. Delgado-López
2,* and
Jose M. Dominguez-Vera
2,*
1
Department of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
2
Departmento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada. 18071 Granada, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2024, 13(11), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111003
Submission received: 19 September 2024 / Revised: 20 October 2024 / Accepted: 23 October 2024 / Published: 25 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alternative Approaches to Treating Antimicrobial Resistant Infections, 3rd Edition)
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Abstract

Background: Carbapenems are one of the mainstays of treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). This has made the rise of carbapenem-resistant bacteria a threat to global health. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified carbapenem-resistant bacteria as critical pathogens, and the development of novel antibacterials capable of combating infections caused by these bacteria is a priority. Objective: With the aim of finding new alternatives to fight against ARB and especially against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, we have developed a series of living materials formed by incorporating the probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Lactobacillus fermentum (Lf), and a mixture of both (L. plantarum+L. fermentum) into bacterial cellulose (BC). Results: These probiotic-loaded bacterial celluloses inhibited the proliferation of three ARB, including two carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria (CRE), identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, and a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, while the probiotics L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and the mixture of both were found to be inactive against these ARB, they became active once incorporated into BC. Conclusions: The increase in activity is due to the known effect that cells increase their activity once incorporated into a suitable matrix, forming a living material. For the same reasons, the probiotics in the living materials BC–L. plantarum, BC–L. fermentum, and BC–L. plantarum+L. fermentum showed increased stability, allowing them to be stored with bacterial activity for long periods of time (two months).
Keywords: resistant bacteria; probiotics; living material; bacterial cellulose resistant bacteria; probiotics; living material; bacterial cellulose

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gutiérrez-Fernández, J.; Cerezo-Collado, L.; Garcés, V.; Alarcón-Guijo, P.; Delgado-López, J.M.; Dominguez-Vera, J.M. Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111003

AMA Style

Gutiérrez-Fernández J, Cerezo-Collado L, Garcés V, Alarcón-Guijo P, Delgado-López JM, Dominguez-Vera JM. Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(11):1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gutiérrez-Fernández, José, Laura Cerezo-Collado, Víctor Garcés, Pablo Alarcón-Guijo, José M. Delgado-López, and Jose M. Dominguez-Vera. 2024. "Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections" Antibiotics 13, no. 11: 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111003

APA Style

Gutiérrez-Fernández, J., Cerezo-Collado, L., Garcés, V., Alarcón-Guijo, P., Delgado-López, J. M., & Dominguez-Vera, J. M. (2024). Probiotic-Loaded Bacterial Cellulose as an Alternative to Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics, 13(11), 1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13111003

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