Prolongation of Fate of Bacteriophages In Vivo by Polylactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid/Alginate-Composite Encapsulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microbial Culture Condition
2.2. Propagation and Purification of Bacteriophage
2.3. Preparation of Microsphere
2.4. Bacteriophage-Encapsulation Rate of Microsphere
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Microsphere
2.6. In Vitro Release Assay
2.7. Animal Experiments
2.8. Sample Collection
2.9. Bacteriophage Administration and In Vivo Fate Assay
2.10. Challenge Assay
2.11. Serum-Agglutination Assay
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Encapsulation and Release In Vitro
3.2. Fate of Bacteriophage In Vivo
3.3. Prophylaxis of Encapsulated Bacteriophages
3.4. Humoral Immune Reaction against the Bacteriophage Administration
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microsphere | Inner Aqueous Phase | Microsphere Size (μm) | Bacteriophage-Encapsulation Efficiency (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PVA (%) | Alginate (%) | |||
PLGA | 4 | 0 | 23.1566 ± 0.1855 | 0.2230 ± 0.0066 |
PLGA/alginate | 0 | 1 | 17.1533 ± 0.0449 * | 71.7444 ± 1.6024 * |
(a) LD50 Challenge | |||||||||
Survivability (%) | days post-administration | ||||||||
1 | 3 | 7 | 15 | 28 | 40 | 50 | 60 | ||
1st trial | Bacteriophage | 70 | 80 | 50 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 40 |
PLGA/alginate | 90 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 50 | 50 | 50 | |
2nd trial | Bacteriophage | 80 | 60 | 60 | 50 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 40 |
PLGA/alginate | 90 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 50 | 40 | 50 | |
(b) LD100 challenge | |||||||||
Survivability (%) | days post-administration | ||||||||
1 | 3 | 7 | 15 | 28 | 40 | 50 | 60 | ||
1st trial | Bacteriophage | 80 | 70 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | ND a | ND |
PLGA/alginate | 90 | 80 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 0 | ND | ND | |
2nd trial | Bacteriophage | 80 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ND | ND |
PLGA/alginate | 90 | 90 | 70 | 70 | 30 | 0 | ND | ND |
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Kim, S.-G.; Giri, S.S.; Jo, S.-J.; Kang, J.-W.; Lee, S.-B.; Jung, W.-J.; Lee, Y.-M.; Kim, H.-J.; Kim, J.-H.; Park, S.-C. Prolongation of Fate of Bacteriophages In Vivo by Polylactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid/Alginate-Composite Encapsulation. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091264
Kim S-G, Giri SS, Jo S-J, Kang J-W, Lee S-B, Jung W-J, Lee Y-M, Kim H-J, Kim J-H, Park S-C. Prolongation of Fate of Bacteriophages In Vivo by Polylactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid/Alginate-Composite Encapsulation. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(9):1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091264
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sang-Guen, Sib Sankar Giri, Su-Jin Jo, Jeong-Woo Kang, Sung-Bin Lee, Won-Joon Jung, Young-Min Lee, Hee-Jin Kim, Ji-Hyung Kim, and Se-Chang Park. 2022. "Prolongation of Fate of Bacteriophages In Vivo by Polylactic-Co-Glycolic-Acid/Alginate-Composite Encapsulation" Antibiotics 11, no. 9: 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091264